"The first confirmation of the detection occurred in 1992."
The study of planets outside of the solar system and their characteristics.
Planetary Systems: The formation and evolution of planetary systems, including our own.
Stellar Properties: The different types of stars and their properties, such as mass, temperature, and luminosity.
Detection Techniques: The various methods used to detect exoplanets, such as the transit method, radial velocity method, and direct imaging.
Exoplanet Properties: The physical and chemical characteristics of exoplanets, such as their size, temperature, and atmospheric composition.
Habitability: The factors that determine a planet's habitable zone, such as its distance from its star and the presence of water.
Astrobiology: The study of life in the universe and the conditions necessary for its existence.
Planetary Atmospheres: The composition and dynamics of exoplanetary atmospheres, including their potential habitability.
Planetary Evolution: The formation and evolution of planets, including the geology and climate of exoplanets.
Planetary Surfaces: The features and characteristics of exoplanetary surfaces, including the potential for the existence of living organisms.
Exoplanet Interiors: The structure and composition of exoplanetary interiors, including their potential habitability.
Interstellar Medium: The material and conditions in the space between stars, which can affect the formation and evolution of planetary systems.
Galactic influences: The effects of the Milky Way's structure, such as its spiral arms and central black hole, on the formation and evolution of planetary systems.
Impacts and Collisions: The role of impacts and collisions in shaping planetary systems and their potential effects on habitability.
Extrasolar Asteroids and Comets: The discovery and properties of asteroids and comets in other star systems.
Exoplanetary Magnetospheres: The magnetic fields surrounding exoplanets and their role in protecting them from harmful radiation.
Exoplanetary Rings: The existence and properties of rings around exoplanets.
Exoplanetary Moons: The discovery and properties of exomoon systems and their potential for habitability.
Exoplanetary Climate: The climate dynamics on exoplanets, including atmospheric circulation, weather patterns, and global climate change.
Extraterrestrial Life: The possibility of life beyond Earth, including its potential forms and habitats.
Societal Implications: The social, ethical, and political implications of discovering life beyond Earth and the exploration of exoplanetary systems.
Transit Photometry: Observing the dimming of a star's light as a planet passes in front of it.
Radial Velocity: Detection of a planet through the gravitational tug it imposes on its host star.
Direct Imaging: Directly capturing images of exoplanets through telescopes.
Microlensing: Detection of an exoplanet through the bending of light from a distant star due to the gravitational pull of the planet.
Astrometry: Measurement of slight changes in a star's position caused by the gravitational effect of an orbiting planet.
Gravitational Waves: Detection of ripples in the fabric of space-time caused by the collision of two massive objects like black holes or neutron stars.
Transit Timing Variations (TTV): Detection of planets through variations in the timing and duration of their transits between consecutive orbits.
Orbital Brightness Modulation (OBM): Detection of planets through changes in stellar brightness caused by the transit of a planet's moons or rings.
Spectroscopy: Analysis of the light spectra emitted by a star to detect the presence of exoplanets.
Planetary Atmospheres: Study of the atmospheric compositions of exoplanets to determine if they could support life.
Planetary Habitability: The study of which exoplanets are most likely to harbor life based on their proximity to their star, their size, atmosphere, and other factors.
Planetary Formation: The study of how exoplanets form and evolve over time.
Planetary Dynamics: The study of the gravitational interactions between planets in a planetary system.
Planetary Geology: The study of the physical features and composition of exoplanets.
Planetary Astrochemistry: The study of the chemistry of exoplanet atmospheres and surfaces.
"As of 1 September 2023, there are 5,506 confirmed exoplanets."
"with 878 systems having more than one planet."
"The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is expected to discover more exoplanets, and also much more about exoplanets, including composition, environmental conditions, and potential for life."
"Transit photometry and Doppler spectroscopy have found the most."
"85% of the exoplanets detected are inside the tidal locking zone."
"About 1 in 5 Sun-like stars have an 'Earth-sized' planet in the habitable zone."
"...it can be hypothesized that there are 11 billion potentially habitable Earth-sized planets in the Milky Way, rising to 40 billion if planets orbiting the numerous red dwarfs are included."
"The least massive exoplanet known is Draugr, which is about twice the mass of the Moon."
"The most massive exoplanet listed on the NASA Exoplanet Archive is HR 2562 b, about 30 times the mass of Jupiter."
"Known orbital times for exoplanets vary from less than an hour (for those closest to their star) to thousands of years."
"However, there is evidence that extragalactic planets, exoplanets farther away in galaxies beyond the local Milky Way galaxy, may exist."
"The nearest exoplanets are located 4.2 light-years (1.3 parsecs) from Earth and orbit Proxima Centauri, the closest star to the Sun."
"The discovery of exoplanets has intensified interest in the search for extraterrestrial life."
"There is special interest in planets that orbit in a star's habitable zone (or sometimes called 'goldilocks zone'), where it is possible for liquid water, a prerequisite for life as we know it, to exist on the surface."
"Rogue planets are those that do not orbit any star."
"The rogue planets in the Milky Way possibly number in the billions or more."
"However, the study of planetary habitability also considers a wide range of other factors in determining the suitability of a planet for hosting life."
"Transit photometry and Doppler spectroscopy have found the most."
"The first possible evidence of an exoplanet was noted in 1917, but was not recognized as such."