"Urban planning, also known as town planning, city planning, regional planning, or rural planning, is a technical and political process that is focused on the development and design of land use and the built environment..."
The set of rules, regulations, and strategies that guide urban development and governance.
Urbanization: The study of the growth and expansion of cities, including the factors that contribute to their development and the social, political, and economic implications of urbanization.
Urban Planning: The process of designing and managing the physical and social development of urban areas, including land use, transportation, and infrastructure.
Housing Policy: The policies and practices that govern the provision of adequate and affordable housing for urban residents, including public housing, subsidized housing, and other forms of housing assistance.
Public Transportation: The systems and strategies that make it possible for people to move around cities and suburban areas, including buses, trains, and other modes of public transportation.
Social Inequality: The study of the ways in which social and economic inequalities are perpetuated and reinforced in urban areas, including issues related to race, class, gender, and sexuality.
Community Development: The process of working with local residents and organizations to promote the development and well-being of urban communities, including strategies for economic development, public safety, and social empowerment.
Crime and Policing: The study of crime patterns and trends in urban areas and the policies and practices that are used to prevent and respond to crime, including policing strategies and criminal justice policies.
Environmental Sustainability: The study of the environmental impacts of urbanization and policies and practices aimed at promoting sustainable development in urban areas, including green infrastructure, recycling programs, and renewable energy.
Immigration and Transnationalism: The study of the ways in which immigration and transnationalism shape urban life and politics, including issues related to cultural diversity, globalization, and immigrant rights.
Political Economy: The study of the relationship between political and economic power in urban areas, including the role of local governments, business interests, and labor unions in shaping urban policy.
Housing policy: This focuses on the provision of affordable, safe, and decent homes for urban residents.
Transportation policy: This deals with the movement of people and goods within the urban areas, and provision for easy, accessible, and sustainable transportation system.
Land use policy: The regulation of land use activities in urban areas for optimal and efficient utilization of land resources and provision of amenities.
Economic development policy: This focuses on the promotion of economic activities, job creation, and enhancement of the urban economy.
Environmental policy: This deals with the provision of clean and sustainable urban settings for urban residents by mitigating the effects of pollution and waste disposal.
Social policy: This involves achieving social cohesion in urban areas by creating opportunities for social interaction and cultural inclusion of residents.
Health policy: This deals with the provision of accessible and affordable health facilities and services in urban areas.
Education policy: The provision of accessible, affordable and equitable education to all urban residents.
Governance policy: This focuses on enhancing transparency, accountability, and effective leadership in urban administration for the provision of effective urban services.
Crime and Safety policy: This deals with the provision of safe and secure urban environments that are free from crime and violence for residents and visitors.
"...including air, water, and the infrastructure passing into and out of urban areas, such as transportation, communications, and distribution networks and their accessibility."
"Many professional practitioners of urban planning, especially practitioners with the title 'urban planner,' study urban planning education, while some paraprofessional practitioners are educated in urban studies..."
"...others study and work in urban policy - the aspect of public policy used in the public administration subfield of political science that is most aligned with urban planning."
"Traditionally, urban planning followed a top-down approach in master planning the physical layout of human settlements."
"The primary concern was the public welfare, which included considerations of efficiency, sanitation, protection and use of the environment, as well as effects of the master plans on the social and economic activities."
"Over time, urban planning has adopted a focus on the social and environmental bottom-lines that focus on planning as a tool to improve the health and well-being of people while maintaining sustainability standards."
"In the early 21st century, Jane Jacobs's writings on legal and political perspectives effectively influenced urban planners to take into broader consideration of resident experiences and needs while planning."
"Urban planning answers questions about how people will live, work and play in a given area and thus, guides orderly development in urban, suburban and rural areas."
"Urban planners are also responsible for planning the efficient transportation of goods, resources, people and waste..."
"...a sense of inclusion and opportunity for people of all kinds, culture and needs; economic growth or business development; improving health and conserving areas of natural environmental significance..."
"Since most urban planning teams consist of highly educated individuals that work for city governments, recent debates focus on how to involve more community members in city planning processes."
"Urban planning is an interdisciplinary field that includes aspects of civil engineering, architecture, geography, political science, environmental studies, design sciences, history, economics, sociology, anthropology, business administration, and other fields."
"Practitioners of urban planning are concerned with research and analysis, strategic thinking, engineering architecture, urban design, public consultation, policy recommendations, implementation, and management."
"It is closely related to the field of urban design, and some urban planners provide designs for streets, parks, buildings, and other urban areas."
"The discipline of urban planning is the broader category that includes different sub-fields such as land-use planning, zoning, economic development, environmental planning, and transportation planning."
"Another important aspect of urban planning is that the range of urban planning projects include the large-scale master planning of empty sites or Greenfield projects as well as small-scale interventions and refurbishments of existing structures, buildings, and public spaces."
"Pierre Charles L'Enfant in Washington, D.C., Daniel Burnham in Chicago, Lúcio Costa in Brasília, and Georges-Eugene Haussmann in Paris planned cities from scratch, and Robert Moses and Le Corbusier refurbished and transformed cities and neighborhoods to meet their ideas of urban planning."
"Creating the plans requires a thorough understanding of penal codes and zonal codes of planning."
"Sustainable development was added as one of the main goals of all planning endeavors in the late 20th century when the detrimental economic and the environmental impacts of the previous models of planning had become apparent."