"Urban economics is broadly the economic study of urban areas; as such, it involves using the tools of economics to analyze urban issues such as crime, education, public transit, housing, and local government finance."
This sub-field examines the economic aspects of urbanization and how urban areas affect local and national economies.
The History of Urban Development: The evolution of cities and urbanization from ancient to modern times.
Urban Theory: The underlying principles that explain the formation, growth, and decline of cities.
Urban Spatial Structure: The arrangement.
Neighborhoods and Communities: The characteristics and dynamics of social life in different urban neighborhoods and communities.
Urban Demography: The study of urban population dynamics, including migration, fertility, mortality, and demographic change.
Urban Economics: The application of economic principles to urban areas, including the analysis of land use, housing, transportation, and public services.
Urban Politics: The study of the political processes and institutions that shape urban policy and decision-making.
Urban Planning: The practice of designing and managing the physical and social environment of cities and urban regions.
Environmental Justice: The study of the unequal distribution of environmental hazards and resources in urban areas, and efforts to reduce these disparities.
Urban Health: The study of the social and environmental factors that influence health outcomes in urban areas, and strategies for improving health equity in cities.
Urban Crime: The study of crime and violence in urban areas, and efforts to reduce crime rates and improve public safety.
Urban Culture: The study of the artistic, cultural, and social expressions of urban life, including music, literature, fashion, and food.
Urban Geography: The study of the spatial organization and dynamics of urban landscapes, including urban form, urban ecology, and urban design.
Urban Sustainability: The study of strategies for promoting sustainable and resilient urban development, including sustainable transportation, green infrastructure, and urban agriculture.
Comparative Urban Studies: The study of urbanization and urban life in different regions of the world, and the comparative analysis of urban policies and practices.
Location Theory: It is the theoretical study of how and why economic activity is spatially distributed across different locations.
Land Use Planning: It is the practice of planning and managing the use of land in urban areas to achieve a specific set of goals, such as economic development, sustainability, and social equity.
Real Estate Economics: It examines the economic factors that impact real estate markets and how the supply and demand of different types of properties affect property values.
Transportation Economics: It is the study of the economic factors that impact transportation systems, such as public transportation services, road networks, and other transportation infrastructure.
Regional Economics: It is the study of how economic activity is spatially distributed within regions and how economic policies and structures affect regional development.
Urban Development: It is the process of improving the physical and social conditions of urban areas through planning, design, and construction.
Housing Economics: It is the study of the demand and supply of housing in urban areas and how public policies and market forces interact to affect the housing market.
Urban Sociology: It is the study of social behavior and interactions in urban areas, including the cultural, economic, and political factors that contribute to urban life.
Public Policy: It is the study of the policy decisions that are made by government officials to address urban issues, such as transportation, housing, and social welfare.
Environmental Economics: It is the study of how economic factors interact with environmental factors, including urban sustainability, climate change, and natural resource management.
"While most other forms of neoclassical economics do not account for spatial relationships between individuals and organizations, urban economics focuses on these spatial relationships to understand the economic motivations underlying the formation, functioning, and development of cities."
"Historically, much like economics generally, urban economics was influenced by multiple schools of thought, including original institutional economics and Marxist economics."
"This dominant urban economics also influences mainstream media like The Economist."
"Since its formulation in 1964, Alonso's monocentric city model of a disc-shaped Central Business District (CBD) and the surrounding residential region has served as a starting point for urban economic analysis."
"Monocentricity has weakened over time because of changes in technology, particularly, faster and cheaper transportation (which makes it possible for commuters to live farther from their jobs in the CBD) and communications (which allow back-office operations to move out of the CBD)."
"Several explanations for polycentric expansion have been proposed and summarized in models that account for factors such as utility gains from lower average land rents and increasing (or constant) returns due to economies of agglomeration."
"...it is a branch of microeconomics that studies the urban spatial structure and the location of households and firms."
"...it involves using the tools of economics to analyze urban issues such as crime, education, public transit, housing, and local government finance."
"...changes in technology, particularly, faster and cheaper transportation (which makes it possible for commuters to live farther from their jobs in the CBD) and communications (which allow back-office operations to move out of the CBD)."
"These heterodox economic currents continue to be used in contemporary political-economic analyses of cities."
"The monocentric city model pioneered in the 1960s by William Alonso, Richard Muth, and Edwin Mills... focuses on these spatial relationships to understand the economic motivations underlying the formation, functioning, and development of cities."
"...urban economics today is neoclassical in orientation and centered largely around urban experiences in the Global North."
"Urban economics focuses on these spatial relationships to understand the economic motivations underlying the formation, functioning, and development of cities."
"Monocentricity has weakened over time because of changes in technology, particularly, faster and cheaper transportation... and communications..."
"Since its formulation in 1964, Alonso's monocentric city model... has served as a starting point for urban economic analysis."
"Several explanations for polycentric expansion have been proposed and summarized in models that account for factors such as utility gains from lower average land rents and increasing (or constant) returns due to economies of agglomeration."
"This dominant urban economics also influences mainstream media like The Economist."
"Monocentricity has weakened over time because of changes in technology, particularly, faster and cheaper transportation... and communications..."
"These heterodox economic currents continue to be used in contemporary political-economic analyses of cities."