"Urban culture is the culture of towns and cities."
This sub-field explores the diverse cultural practices, lifestyles, and identities in urban environments.
Urbanization: The process by which cities and urban areas grow and develop, including demographic, economic, and social factors.
Urban planning: The process of designing and managing the physical layout and organization of cities, including land use, transportation systems, and public spaces.
Community development: The practice of promoting and facilitating the growth and improvement of communities in urban areas through initiatives such as social programs, infrastructure improvements, and affordable housing.
Social inequality: The unequal distribution of resources, opportunities, and social status in society, which can be exacerbated in urban areas due to concentrations of poverty and exclusion.
Gentrification: The process by which previously low-income and working-class neighborhoods are transformed into high-end residential or commercial areas, often leading to displacement of long-time residents.
Urban culture: The unique social and cultural practices, traditions, and rituals that emerge within urban spaces, shaped by factors such as diversity, density, and mobility.
Crime and public safety: The challenges and innovations associated with addressing issues of crime, violence, and public safety in urban areas, including community policing, crime prevention, and social intervention programs.
Environmental justice: The intersection between urban development and environmental concerns such as pollution and climate change, with a focus on how these issues disproportionately impact low-income and marginalized communities.
Transportation and mobility: The challenges and possibilities associated with moving people and goods in densely populated urban areas, including issues such as traffic congestion, public transit, and active transportation options like biking and walking.
Urban economics: The study of the economic forces and systems that shape urban areas, including issues such as job creation, regional development, and the role of the creative class in urban innovation.
Urban infrastructure: The physical systems and structures that support urban communities, including utilities, transportation networks, and public works.
Urban history: The evolution of urban spaces over time, including the factors that have influenced their development, growth, and decline.
Cultural diversity: The presence and intersection of different cultures, languages, and identities within urban areas.
Public health and wellbeing: The impact of urban environments on physical and mental health, including access to healthcare, healthy food options, and green spaces.
Urban governance: The structures of decision-making and leadership that guide urban development and management, including city councils, mayors, and public-private partnerships.
Hip-Hop Culture: A culture that emerged in the 1970s in inner-city African American and Latino American communities in the Bronx, New York City. Hip-Hop culture includes elements such as rap music, breakdancing, graffiti art, and fashion.
Punk Culture: A subculture that emerged in the mid-to-late 1970s, centered around punk rock music. Punk culture is known for its anti-establishment attitudes, fashion style, and often aggressive music and lyrics.
Skate Culture: A culture that centers around skateboarding, which emerged in the 1960s and gained widespread popularity in the 1980s. Skate culture includes elements such as skateboarding, punk rock music, and clothing style.
Goth Culture: A subculture that originated in the UK in the late 1970s and became popular in the 1980s. Goth culture is characterized by its dark, morbid aesthetic, music, clothing, and lifestyle.
Emo Culture: A subculture that originated in the mid-1990s and became popular in the 2000s, focused on emotionally expressive music, fashion, and style.
Rave Culture: A youth-oriented subculture centered around electronic dance music, partying, and drug use. Rave culture includes elements such as techno music, light shows, and fashion.
Streetwear Culture: A fashion-based subculture that emerged in the 1990s and has become increasingly popular in recent years, characterized by its graphic t-shirts, sneakers, and hoodies.
Skater Punk Culture: A subculture that emerged in the 1990s and combines elements of skate culture and punk culture, characterized by its music, fashion, and lifestyle.
Biker Culture: A subculture that emerged in the post-World War II era, centered on motorcycles, leather jackets, and a rebellious lifestyle.
LARP Culture: A subculture that involves live-action role-playing, in which participants assume roles and act out elaborate fantasy scenarios.
"The defining theme is the presence of a large population in a limited space that follows social norms."
"This makes it possible for many subcultures close to each other, exposed to social influence without necessarily intruding into the private sphere."
"Globally, urban areas tend to hold concentrations of power, such as government capitals and corporate headquarters, and the wealthy and powerful people that are employed in them."
"Cities also organize people, create norms, beliefs, and values."
"There are five things that make a city: fortification, market, a law code, an association of urban citizenry creating a sense of municipal corporateness, and sufficient political autonomy for urban citizens to choose the city’s governors."
"In some countries, elites have built themselves enclaves outside of the central city (e.g. white flight in the United States)."
"Urban culture is the culture of towns and cities."
"The presence of a large population in a limited space that follows social norms."
"Government capitals and corporate headquarters, and the wealthy and powerful people that are employed in them."
"Cities also organize people, create norms, beliefs, and values."
"Max Weber in his book, The City."
"Fortification, market, a law code, an association of urban citizenry creating a sense of municipal corporateness, and sufficient political autonomy for urban citizens to choose the city’s governors."
"Elites have built themselves enclaves outside of the central city."
"For example, white flight in the United States."
"The defining theme is the presence of a large population in a limited space."
"Presence of a large population, social norms, coexistence of subcultures."
"Cities also organize people, create norms, beliefs, and values."
"Fortification, market, a law code, an association of urban citizenry creating a sense of municipal corporateness, and sufficient political autonomy."
"The City."