"Environmental justice or eco-justice, is a social movement to address environmental injustice, which occurs when poor and marginalized communities are harmed by hazardous waste, resource extraction, and other land uses from which they do not benefit."
The movement to ensure that all people have equal access to clean air, water, and a healthy environment.
Environmental racism: The unequal distribution of environmental hazards and negative environmental impacts on marginalized communities, particularly communities of color.
Environmental policy and regulation: The legislation and regulations in place to address environmental issues, and how these policies are enforced.
Environmental health: The impacts of the environment on human health, such as exposure to pollutants and toxins.
Environmental justice movements: The history and evolution of activism and advocacy efforts aimed at achieving environmental justice.
Environmental gentrification: The displacement of low-income residents and communities of color from areas that have undergone environmental improvements and become more desirable.
Environmental education and communication: The role of education in promoting environmental awareness, and the ways in which communication affects how environmental issues are perceived and addressed.
Economic inequality and environmental justice: The ways in which economic inequality intersects with environmental justice, and how economic factors contribute to disparities in environmental outcomes.
Climate change and environmental justice: The disproportionate impacts of climate change on marginalized communities, and the need for climate policies that address these disparities.
Intersectionality: An approach to understanding how multiple forms of oppression intersect and compound, and how this can exacerbate environmental injustices.
Environmental activism and civic engagement: The importance of collective action and civic engagement in achieving environmental justice goals, and the role of different actors in creating change.
Distributive Justice: This aspect of environmental justice concerns the fair distribution of environmental benefits and burdens in a community or society. It focuses on how disadvantaged populations, such as low-income and minority groups, are disproportionately exposed to environmental hazards and pollution, while wealthier and more affluent communities have access to cleaner and healthier environments.
Procedural Justice: Procedural justice is concerned with the fairness and transparency of decision-making processes related to environmental policies and regulations. It involves participatory planning and decision-making, where all stakeholders are given a voice in shaping environmental policies that impact their lives.
Restorative Justice: Restorative justice focuses on repairing the harm caused by environmental injustices, including pollution, resource depletion, and environmental degradation. It involves restitution to those affected by environmental harm, such as compensation, restoration, and remediation efforts.
Recognition Justice: Recognition justice is concerned with the recognition and validation of the cultural and social identities of marginalized communities, as well as their historical experiences and knowledge of the environment. It seeks to acknowledge the interdependence between cultural identity, natural resources, and environmental sustainability.
Transformative Justice: Transformative justice is concerned with transforming the systems that perpetuate environmental injustices, including economic, political, and social structures. It seeks to create more equitable and sustainable systems of resource management and environmental governance, which promote social justice and environmental sustainability.
"The movement began in the United States in the 1980s."
"It was heavily influenced by the American civil rights movement and focused on environmental racism within rich countries."
"The movement was later expanded to consider gender, international environmental injustice, and inequalities within marginalized groups."
"The movement for environmental justice has thus become more global, with some of its aims now being articulated by the United Nations. The movement overlaps with movements for Indigenous land rights and for the human right to a healthy environment."
"The goal of the environmental justice movement is to achieve agency for marginalized communities in making environmental decisions that affect their lives."
"The global environmental justice movement arises from local environmental conflicts in which environmental defenders frequently confront multi-national corporations in resource extraction or other industries."
"Local outcomes of these conflicts are increasingly influenced by trans-national environmental justice networks."
"Environmental justice scholars have produced a large interdisciplinary body of social science literature that includes contributions to political ecology, environmental law, and theories on justice and sustainability."
"Environmental injustice, which occurs when poor and marginalized communities are harmed by hazardous waste, resource extraction, and other land uses from which they do not benefit."
"The movement began in the United States in the 1980s."
"The movement was heavily influenced by the American civil rights movement and focused on environmental racism within rich countries."
"The movement was later expanded to consider gender, international environmental injustice, and inequalities within marginalized groups."
"As the movement achieved some success in rich countries, environmental burdens were shifted to the Global South (as, for example, through extractivism or the global waste trade)."
"The movement overlaps with movements for Indigenous land rights and for the human right to a healthy environment."
"The goal of the environmental justice movement is to achieve agency for marginalized communities in making environmental decisions that affect their lives."
"Local outcomes of these conflicts are increasingly influenced by trans-national environmental justice networks."
"Environmental justice scholars have produced a large interdisciplinary body of social science literature that includes contributions to political ecology, environmental law, and theories on justice and sustainability."
"Exposure to environmental harm is inequitably distributed."
"As the movement achieved some success in rich countries, environmental burdens were shifted to the Global South."