"Critical race theory (CRT) is an interdisciplinary academic field devoted to analysing how laws, social and political movements, and media shape, and are shaped by, social conceptions of race and ethnicity."
A theoretical perspective that examines the intersection of race, power, and institutionalized racism in society.
Race and Racism: This topic deliberates upon the concepts of race and the various forms of racism that exist in society. It looks at the historical, political, and social contexts of race, ethnicity, and nationality.
Intersectionality: This topic explores the multidimensional aspects of social identity and the significance of various social factors that contribute towards oppression and marginalization. Such factors include race, gender, class, sexual orientation, religion, and disability, among others.
White Privilege: This topic examines how whiteness and white privilege operate in contemporary society. It explores the ways in which white people benefit from systemic racism and how this privilege has a profound impact on the daily experiences of people of colour.
Structural Inequality: This topic focuses on the systemic manifestations of race and racism, such as unequal access to education, wealth, employment, and healthcare, which are reinforced by social structures and institutional policies.
Critical Pedagogy: This topic explores how Critical Race Theory (Sociological Theory) engages with education, teaching, and learning. It aims to challenge existing power structures and encourages people to challenge the dominant culture.
Social Justice: This topic examines the application of Critical Race Theory (Sociological Theory) in addressing social injustices that stem from racism, sexism, homophobia, and other forms of marginalization.
Colorblindness: This topic examines the prevalent notion of "Colorblindness" and how it serves as a tool for maintaining the status quo of race and racism in society.
Allyship: This topic focuses on the role of allies in creating social change, challenging systemic oppression and supporting marginalized communities to advocate equality and justice.
Patriarchy and Masculinity: This topic explores the ways in which gender and masculinity are constructed and enforced in white supremacist societies, recognizing that patriarchy is a function of white supremacy.
Social Construction of Race: This topic investigates how race is a social construct that changes over time and how it is defined within different cultural and historical contexts. It interrogates how social and cultural understandings shape and reproduce racially unequal systems.
Intersectionality: Examines how various social identities (race, gender, class, sexuality, etc.) intersect to create different experiences of oppression and privilege.
Structural racism: Focuses on how institutional practices and policies perpetuate racial inequality.
Whiteness studies: Studies the social construction of whiteness as a racial category and how white supremacy has been enforced throughout history.
Cultural racism: Analyzes how racist attitudes and beliefs are perpetuated through cultural norms, values, and practices.
Critical Race Feminism: Focuses on how race and gender intersect, and how this intersection influences the experiences of women of color.
Latino/a Critical Race Theory: Argues that the experiences of Latino/a people cannot be fully understood through the traditional paradigm of race, and highlights the unique experiences and struggles of this population.
Asian American Critical Race Theory: Looks at how Asian Americans have been positioned in U.S. racial hierarchies and how this positioning has influenced their experiences of oppression and resistance.
Indigenous Critical Race Theory: Examines how colonization, land dispossession, and other forms of systemic violence have impacted indigenous communities and how they resist these forces.
Queer of Color Critique: Explores the intersection of race, sexuality, and gender identity and the unique experiences of queer people of color.
Disability Critical Race Theory: Looks at how ableism and racism intersect to create unique experiences of oppression for disabled people of color.
Critical Race Theory in Education: Focuses on how racism operates in educational institutions and how educational policies and practices can be restructured to promote equity.
"CRT also considers racism to be systemic in various laws and rules, and not only based on individuals' prejudices."
"The word critical in the name is an academic reference to critical thinking, critical theory, and scholarly criticism, rather than criticizing or blaming individuals."
"CRT is also used in sociology to explain social, political, and legal structures and power distribution as through a 'lens' focusing on the concept of race, and experiences of racism."
"A key CRT concept is intersectionality—the way in which different forms of inequality and identity are affected by interconnections of race, class, gender, and disability."
"For example, the CRT conceptual framework examines racial bias in laws and legal institutions, such as highly disparate rates of incarceration among racial groups in the United States."
"Scholars of CRT view race as a social construct with no biological basis."
"One tenet of CRT is that racism and disparate racial outcomes are the result of complex, changing, and often subtle social and institutional dynamics, rather than explicit and intentional prejudices of individuals."
"CRT scholars argue that the social and legal construction of race advances the interests of white people at the expense of people of color, and that the liberal notion of U.S. law as 'neutral' plays a significant role in maintaining a racially unjust social order."
"CRT began in the United States in the post–civil rights era, as 1960s landmark civil rights laws were being eroded and schools were being re-segregated."
"CRT, a framework of analysis grounded in critical theory, originated in the mid-1970s in the writings of several American legal scholars, including Derrick Bell, Alan Freeman, Kimberlé Crenshaw, Richard Delgado, Cheryl Harris, Charles R. Lawrence III, Mari Matsuda, and Patricia J. Williams."
"CRT draws from the work of thinkers such as Antonio Gramsci, Sojourner Truth, Frederick Douglass, and W. E. B. Du Bois, as well as the Black Power, Chicano, and radical feminist movements from the 1960s and 1970s."
"Academic critics of CRT argue it is based on storytelling instead of evidence and reason, rejects truth and merit, and undervalues liberalism."
"Since 2020, conservative U.S. lawmakers have sought to ban or restrict the instruction of CRT education in primary and secondary schools, as well as relevant training inside federal agencies."
"Advocates of such bans argue that CRT is false, anti-American, villainizes white people, promotes radical leftism, and indoctrinates children."
"Advocates of bans on CRT have been accused of misrepresenting its tenets."
"Advocates of bans on CRT have been accused of... having the goal to broadly silence discussions of racism, equality, social justice, and the history of race." Note: Due to the length and complexity of the passage, not every question may have an explicit quote matching it exactly. However, the selected quotes provide relevant information related to the study questions.