Quote: "Globalization, or globalisation (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences), is the process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide."
: The interconnectedness of different societies and the influence of global forces on local cultures and economies.
Cultural globalization: This refers to the spread of cultural practices and products across national borders. Examples include the global popularity of American music and the spread of fast food chains.
Economic globalization: This refers to the increasing interconnectedness of global economies through trade, investment, and financial flows. It has led to the rise of multinational corporations and the growth of global supply chains.
Technological globalization: This refers to the widespread adoption of new communication technologies such as the internet, mobile phones, and social media. It has facilitated the spread of information and contributed to the emergence of the global knowledge economy.
Political globalization: This refers to the growing influence of international institutions such as the United Nations, World Bank, and International Monetary Fund, which are increasingly setting global policies and norms.
Environmental globalization: This refers to the ways in which environmental problems such as climate change and resource depletion are becoming global in scope and require collective action to address.
Migration and mobility: This refers to the movement of people across national borders, whether for work, study, or family reasons. It is a key aspect of globalization and has significant social, economic, and political implications.
Global inequality: This refers to the unequal distribution of resources and opportunities around the world, which is exacerbated by processes of globalization. It has been a major focus of debates about the social and economic impact of globalization.
Nationalism and identity: This refers to the ways in which globalization has challenged traditional notions of national identity and culture. It has led to debates about the role of the nation state in a globalized world and has fueled political movements that seek to assert national sovereignty.
Global governance: This refers to the mechanisms and institutions through which global issues are addressed and managed. It includes international treaties, organizations, and forums such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the World Trade Organization.
Resistance and social movements: This refers to the ways in which people and groups have contested and challenged the negative effects of globalization, whether through protests, advocacy, or alternative forms of organization. It has been a key area of study for scholars of globalization and sociology.
Economic globalization: Refers to the integration and interdependence of economies across the world through trade, investment, and the movement of capital, goods, and services.
Political globalization: Refers to the extent to which political institutions, policies, and decision-making processes transcend national borders, allowing for greater cooperation and coordination among governments.
Cultural globalization: Refers to the spread of cultural ideas, practices, and values across borders through media, technology, and migration, leading to cultural homogenization or hybridization.
Social globalization: Refers to the ways in which social movements, activism, and transnational civil society networks are facilitated by global communication and transportation technologies, challenging established power structures.
Technological globalization: Refers to the spread of advanced communication, information, and transportation technologies across the globe, which has revolutionized the way in which societies interact and do business.
Demographic globalization: Refers to the movement of people across national borders, whether for economic or political reasons, which has led to increased diversity and multiculturalism in many societies.
Quote: "The term globalization first appeared in the early 20th century... and came into popular use in the 1990s to describe the unprecedented international connectivity of the post-Cold War world."
Quote: "Advances in transportation, like the steam locomotive, steamship, jet engine, and container ships, and developments in telecommunication infrastructure such as the telegraph, the Internet, mobile phones, and smartphones, have been major factors in globalization."
Quote: "Globalization is primarily an economic process of interaction and integration that is associated with social and cultural aspects."
Quote: "This increase in global interactions has caused a growth in international trade and the exchange of ideas, beliefs, and culture."
Quote: "However, disputes and international diplomacy are also large parts of the history of globalization and of modern globalization."
Quote: "Large-scale globalization began in the 1820s, and in the late 19th century and early 20th century drove a rapid expansion in the connectivity of the world's economies and cultures."
Quote: "In 2000, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) identified four basic aspects of globalization: trade and transactions, capital and investment movements, migration and movement of people, and the dissemination of knowledge."
Quote: "Globalizing processes affect and are affected by business and work organization."
Quote: "Academic literature commonly divides globalization into three major areas: economic globalization, cultural globalization, and political globalization."
Quote: "Removal of cross-border trade barriers has made the formation of global markets more feasible."
Quote: "Though many scholars place the origins of globalization in modern times, others trace its history to long before the European Age of Discovery and voyages to the New World, and some even to the third millennium BCE."
Quote: "Advances in transportation and developments in telecommunication infrastructure have been major factors in globalization and have generated further interdependence of economic and cultural activities around the globe."
Quote: "The term global city was subsequently popularized by sociologist Saskia Sassen in her work The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo (1991)."
Quote: "Globalizing processes affect and are affected by... sociocultural resources."
Quote: "Economically, globalization involves goods, services, data, technology, and the economic resources of capital."
Quote: "Globalizing processes affect and are affected by... migration and movement of people."
Quote: "Its origins can be traced back to 18th and 19th centuries due to advances in transportation and communications technology."
Quote: "In 2000, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) identified four basic aspects of globalization..."
Quote: "The expansion of global markets liberalizes the economic activities of the exchange of goods and funds."