"Racism is discrimination and prejudice towards people based on their race or ethnicity."
The belief system that some races are superior to others and that this belief can lead to discrimination, intolerance, and prejudice.
Definition of Racism: The meaning, forms, and history of racism, its definition, and its impact on society.
Systemic Racism: The systematic discrimination and disadvantages faced by certain racial groups in social, economic, and political systems.
Structural Racism: Refers to the ways in which inequalities are built into society's institutions and structures, resulting in disparities in opportunities and outcomes for different racial groups.
Institutional Racism: The ways in which racism is embedded in institutions within a society, including healthcare, education, criminal justice, housing, and employment.
Implicit Bias: Unconscious attitudes or stereotypes that affect a person's understanding, actions, and decisions about different racial groups.
Microaggressions: Small, seemingly harmless actions or statements that inadvertently promote bias or discrimination against people from certain racial or ethnic groups.
White Privilege: The inherent advantages and benefits that come with being white in a society that values whiteness above other racial identities.
Intersectionality: The concept of multiple and intersecting identities, including race, gender, sexuality, and class, and the ways in which these identities interact to shape people's experiences.
Colonialism: The historical and ongoing process of asserting and maintaining control over other societies and their resources, often through violence or exploitation, resulting in the systemic oppression and marginalization of indigenous and racialized groups.
Allyship: The act of supporting and advocating for people from marginalized communities, including actions like listening, learning, donating, and amplifying their voices.
Systemic racism: Refers to the way in which institutions and governments perpetuate racism through policies, laws, and practices that disproportionately harm people of color.
Internalized racism: Occurs when people of color internalize negative stereotypes and beliefs about their own race, leading to self-hatred and self-doubt.
Individual racism: Occurs when individuals consciously or unconsciously discriminate against others based on their race or ethnicity.
Colorism: Refers to the discrimination or prejudice against individuals with darker skin tones.
Environmental racism: Unequal access to clean air and water, exposure to hazardous waste sites occur most frequently in communities of color.
Microaggressions: Refers to subtle, unintentional or intentional forms of racism that are expressed through language, gestures or behavior.
Implicit Bias: Unconscious attitudes and beliefs about race influence how people think about and respond to others who are different from them.
Structural racism: Discriminatory practices, policies, societal patterns and values which produce unjust outcomes for people of color.
Intersectional Racism: Different forms of oppression intersect, and marginalized groups experience multiple forms of discrimination based on their race, gender, sexuality, class, and more.
Institutional racism: Policies, laws, and practices within institutions, such as schools, workplaces, and criminal justice systems that harm individuals based on their race.
"Racism can be present in social actions, practices, or political systems (e.g. apartheid) that support the expression of prejudice or aversion in discriminatory practices."
"The ideology underlying racist practices often assumes that humans can be subdivided into distinct groups that are different in their social behavior and innate capacities and that can be ranked as inferior or superior."
"Racist ideology can become manifest in many aspects of social life."
"While the concepts of race and ethnicity are considered to be separate in contemporary social science, the two terms have a long history of equivalence in popular usage and older social science literature."
"Racism and racial discrimination are often used to describe discrimination on an ethnic or cultural basis, independent of whether these differences are described as racial."
"According to the United Nations's Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, there is no distinction between the terms 'racial' and 'ethnic' discrimination."
"The convention further concludes that superiority based on racial differentiation is scientifically false, morally condemnable, socially unjust, and dangerous."
"Racism is frequently described as a relatively modern concept, arising in the European age of imperialism, the subsequent growth of capitalism, and especially the Atlantic slave trade, of which it was a major driving force."
"It was also a major force behind racial segregation in the United States in the 19th and early 20th centuries, and of apartheid in South Africa."
"Racism has played a role in genocides such as the Holocaust, the Armenian genocide, the Rwandan genocide, and the Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia, as well as colonial projects including the European colonization of the Americas, Africa, Asia, and the population transfer in the Soviet Union including deportations of indigenous minorities."
"Indigenous peoples have been—and are—often subject to racist attitudes." Please note that the remaining questions (13-20) would require the provision of additional text for me to generate the specific quotes to answer them accurately.