"Identity politics is politics based on a particular identity, such as race, nationality, religion, gender, sexual orientation, social background, social class."
Explores the role of identity politics in social movements, including how movements based on race, gender, sexuality, and other identities have been created and mobilized.
Social movements history: This encompasses the historical evolution of social movements dating back to the emergence of the first known social movements.
Identity politics: This involves the exploration of how identity – particularly as it relates to race, class, gender, and sexuality – intersects with political and social movements.
Power and politics: This refers to the relationships of power between social movements and political systems, and how political systems shape social movements.
Social movements theories: Social movements scholars have developed various theories to explain the emergence and behavior of social movements.
Mobilization and recruitment: This involves understanding how social movements organize and mobilize people, and how individuals become invested in social movements.
Collective action and protest: This topic involves understanding the various forms of collective action and protest that social movements utilize to achieve change.
Argumentation and discourse: Social movements rely on rhetoric, discourse, and argumentation to persuade the public, make their case, and rally supporters for their cause.
Media and social movements: This topic focuses on the relationship between social movements and media and how social movements can effectively use media channels to reach their audiences.
Social movements and globalization: With increasing globalization, social movements have to relate to international systems and multinational corporations.
Strategies and tactics: This topic looks into the strategies and tactics employed by social movements to affect political and/or social change.
Feminism: This social movement advocates for gender equality and ending the oppression of women in society.
LGBTQ+ Rights: This social movement seeks equal rights and acceptance for individuals who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer.
Anti-racism: This social movement seeks to end discrimination against people based on their race or ethnicity.
Environmentalism: This social movement aims to protect the environment and prevent climate change through sustainable practices and policies.
Animal Rights: This social movement advocates for the ethical treatment of animals and an end to their exploitation in industries such as farming and entertainment.
Disability Rights: This social movement works to ensure that individuals with disabilities have the same rights and opportunities as able-bodied individuals.
Indigenous Rights: This social movement aims to protect the rights and sovereignty of indigenous peoples and promote their cultural heritage.
Anti-globalization: This social movement seeks to resist the privatization of resources and the spread of multinational corporations and globalization.
Peace Movement: This social movement advocates for an end to war and violence and the promotion of diplomacy and nonviolent conflict resolution.
Anti-poverty: This social movement aims to alleviate poverty and improve the standard of living for individuals and communities struggling with poverty and inequality.
"The term could also encompass other social phenomena which are not commonly understood as exemplifying identity politics, such as governmental migration policy that regulates mobility based on identities, or far-right nationalist agendas of exclusion of national or ethnic others."
"The term 'identity politics' dates to the late twentieth century, although it had precursors in the writings of individuals such as Mary Wollstonecraft and Frantz Fanon."
"Many contemporary advocates of identity politics take an intersectional perspective, which accounts for the range of interacting systems of oppression that may affect their lives and come from their various identities."
"The purpose is to better understand the interplay of racial, economic, sex-based, and gender-based oppression (among others) and to ensure no one group is disproportionately affected by political actions, present and future."
"Identity labels are not mutually exclusive but are in many cases compounded into one when describing hyper-specific groups. An example is that of African-American, homosexual, women, who constitute a particular hyper-specific identity class."
"Criticisms of identity politics generally come from either the centre-right or the far-left on the political spectrum."
"Many socialists and ideological Marxists have deeply criticized identity politics for its divisive nature, claiming that it forms identities that can undermine proletariat unity and the class struggle as a whole."
"Right-wing critics of identity politics have seen it as particularist, in contrast to the universalism of liberal or Marxist perspectives, or argue that it detracts attention from non-identity based structures of oppression and exploitation."
"A leftist critique of identity politics, such as that of Nancy Fraser, argues that political mobilization based on identitarian affirmation leads to surface redistribution — a redistribution within the existing structure and existing relations of production that does not challenge the status quo."
"Instead, Fraser argued, identitarian deconstruction, rather than affirmation, is more conducive to a leftist politics of economic redistribution."
"Other critiques, such as that of Kurzwelly, Rapport, and Spiegel, point out that identity politics often leads to the reproduction and reification of essentialist notions of identity, notions which are inherently erroneous."