"Environmental justice or eco-justice, is a social movement to address environmental injustice, which occurs when poor and marginalized communities are harmed by hazardous waste, resource extraction, and other land uses from which they do not benefit."
Analyzes the relationship between social movements and environmental justice, including how social movements have addressed environmental issues and the disproportionate impact of environmental problems on marginalized communities.
History of Social Movements: Understanding the origins, evolution and impact of social movements over time, including the different social, political and economic factors that contributed to their emergence.
Theory of Social Movements: Familiarity with the theories, models and frameworks that explain the behavior and strategies of social movements, including resource mobilization theory, political process model and group dynamic approaches.
Types of Social Movements: Understanding the different types of social movements based on their goals, values, strategies and target audience, including reformist, revolutionary, reactionary, feminist and labor movements.
Environmental Justice: Understanding the concept of environmental justice, which refers to the fair and equitable distribution of environmental burdens across society, and the strategies used by social movements to promote it.
Green Movements: Understanding the rise of green movements and their efforts to promote environmental protection and sustainable development around the world, including the role of NGOs, grassroots organizations, and social media.
Global Environmental Governance: Familiarity with the global governance frameworks that regulate environmental issues, such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Convention on Biological Diversity, and the Paris Agreement.
Social Media and Activism: Understanding the role of social media platforms in facilitating social mobilization, protest and advocacy, but also the challenges of social media activism such as filter bubbles, echo chambers and cyber-bullying.
Intersectionality: Understanding the impacts of multiple social identities and oppressions on social movement participation, including race, gender, sexuality, class, and disability.
Community Organizing: Understanding the principles and practices of community organizing, including the role of leadership, tactics and strategies for mobilizing people, and the importance of building grassroots organizing capacity.
Corporate Social Responsibility: Understanding the growing importance of corporate social responsibility in promoting sustainable and justice business practices, as well as the role of social movements in advocating for corporate accountability and holding corporations accountable.
Environmental Policy and Law: Understanding the role of government policies and regulations in protecting the environment, including the history of environmental legislation, the process of environmental governance, and the controversies surrounding environmental policy decision-making.
Environmental Racism: Understanding the disproportionate impact of environmental degradation and pollution on marginalized communities and the efforts of social movements to address it.
Eco-feminism: Understanding the intersection of environmentalism and feminism and the efforts of eco-feminist movements to promote environmental protection and gender equity.
Eco-socialism: Understanding the role of socialism and Marxist theory in environmentalism and the efforts of eco-socialist movements to promote environmental protection and social justice.
Environmental Disasters: Understanding the social, economic and environmental impacts of catastrophic environmental events such as oil spills, hurricanes, and wildfires, as well as the role of social movements in advocating for disaster relief and prevention.
Civil Rights Movements: A social movement that aims to secure legal and social equality for marginalized communities, often focused on racial, gender or LGBTQIA+ equality.
Feminist Movements: A social movement advocating for women's rights, including equal pay, reproductive rights, and an end to gender-based violence.
Labor Movements: A social movement focused on improving the lives of workers and advocating for fair wages, safe working conditions, and better protections.
Environmental Movements: A social movement advocating for the protection and preservation of the natural environment, addressing issues such as climate change, pollution, and conservation.
Anti-War Movements: A social movement opposed to military conflict, advocating for peace and diplomacy over violence and war.
Animal Rights Movements: A social movement advocating for the ethical treatment of animals, including the end of animal testing, animal agriculture, and animal abuse.
LGBT Rights Movements: A social movement advocating for the rights of the LGBTQIA+ community, including marriage equality, anti-discrimination laws, and protections against hate crimes.
Indigenous Rights Movements: A social movement advocating for the rights of indigenous populations, including the protection of native lands, cultural preservation, and autonomy.
Disability Rights Movements: A social movement advocating for the rights of people with disabilities, including access to healthcare, education, and employment.
Global Justice Movements: A social movement advocating for economic, social, and environmental justice on a global scale, addressing issues such as inequality, poverty, and climate change.
Climate Justice Movements: A social movement advocating for solutions to climate change that prioritize marginalized and vulnerable communities, often those disproportionately affected by climate change.
Black Lives Matter Movement: A social movement advocating for civil rights and against police brutality towards the black community, promoting racial equity and justice.
MeToo Movement: A social movement against sexual harassment and assault, especially in the workplace or other institutional settings.
#NeverAgain Movement: A social movement that began in response to the mass shooting in a school in Parkland, Florida advocating for gun control measures to end gun violence.
Extinction Rebellion: A global environmental movement that uses nonviolent civil disobedience to demand action on the climate emergency.
"The movement began in the United States in the 1980s."
"It was heavily influenced by the American civil rights movement and focused on environmental racism within rich countries."
"The movement was later expanded to consider gender, international environmental injustice, and inequalities within marginalized groups."
"The movement for environmental justice has thus become more global, with some of its aims now being articulated by the United Nations. The movement overlaps with movements for Indigenous land rights and for the human right to a healthy environment."
"The goal of the environmental justice movement is to achieve agency for marginalized communities in making environmental decisions that affect their lives."
"The global environmental justice movement arises from local environmental conflicts in which environmental defenders frequently confront multi-national corporations in resource extraction or other industries."
"Local outcomes of these conflicts are increasingly influenced by trans-national environmental justice networks."
"Environmental justice scholars have produced a large interdisciplinary body of social science literature that includes contributions to political ecology, environmental law, and theories on justice and sustainability."
"Environmental injustice, which occurs when poor and marginalized communities are harmed by hazardous waste, resource extraction, and other land uses from which they do not benefit."
"The movement began in the United States in the 1980s."
"The movement was heavily influenced by the American civil rights movement and focused on environmental racism within rich countries."
"The movement was later expanded to consider gender, international environmental injustice, and inequalities within marginalized groups."
"As the movement achieved some success in rich countries, environmental burdens were shifted to the Global South (as, for example, through extractivism or the global waste trade)."
"The movement overlaps with movements for Indigenous land rights and for the human right to a healthy environment."
"The goal of the environmental justice movement is to achieve agency for marginalized communities in making environmental decisions that affect their lives."
"Local outcomes of these conflicts are increasingly influenced by trans-national environmental justice networks."
"Environmental justice scholars have produced a large interdisciplinary body of social science literature that includes contributions to political ecology, environmental law, and theories on justice and sustainability."
"Exposure to environmental harm is inequitably distributed."
"As the movement achieved some success in rich countries, environmental burdens were shifted to the Global South."