- "Social inequality occurs when resources in a given society are distributed unevenly, typically through norms of allocation, that engender specific patterns along lines of socially defined categories of persons." - "The differentiation preference of access to social goods in the society is brought about by power, religion, kinship, prestige, race, ethnicity, gender, age, sexual orientation, and class."
A consideration of how social institutions can contribute to social problems such as inequality, discrimination, and stratification.
Poverty: A social condition, where people lack essential resources and access to basic necessities, such as food, shelter, and clothing.
Racism: This involves discrimination or mistreatment of individuals or groups based on their skin color, ethnicity, or cultural background, which is prevalent in different societies.
Crime and Deviance: These are behavioral patterns that violate social norms and laws, such as theft, robbery, drug use, or rape.
Inequality: Refers to the existence of pronounced or persistent differences in economic or social opportunities that cause disadvantages to specific groups in society.
Gender and Sexuality: The study of gender and sexuality focuses on issues of gender identity, sexual orientation, and gender-based violence.
Aging and Infirmity: This involves the study of issues that affect the elderly and individuals with physical or mental disabilities, such as Alzheimer's, dementia, and depression.
Social Welfare: Refers to policies and programs designed to alleviate social problems, such as poverty, unemployment, and homelessness.
Education: This includes the study of educational systems, pedagogical methods, educational outcomes, and factors that influence academic achievement.
Healthcare: Healthcare is an area of social problems that involves the provision of healthcare services to treat illnesses, injuries, and disabilities.
Family: The study of family structures and dynamics, marriage and divorce, and family issues that can impact parenting and child development.
Immigration: Concerns regarding the movement of people across borders, such as social and political issues faced by immigrants, economic impacts, and cultural changes.
Environment: The impact of environmental conditions on human life can be studied, including climate change, pollution, resource depletion, and natural resource management.
Globalization: The study of the economic, political, and social changes associated with globalization, including issues of inequality, cultural diversity, and environmental impact.
War and Conflict: Covers the study of various forms of violence, such as terrorism, genocide, and civil war, and social issues caused by conflict, such as displacement, human rights abuses, and political instability.
Substance Abuse: The effects of drug and alcohol abuse on individuals, families, and society, including addiction, overdose, and social consequences.
Poverty: The lack of resources to meet basic human needs, including food, shelter, and clothing.
Racism: Discrimination based on race, ethnicity, or nationality.
Sexism: Discrimination based on sex or gender.
Homophobia: Discrimination based on sexual orientation.
Ageism: Discrimination based on age.
Crime: Any illegal behavior that harms others or society as a whole.
Violence: Any act of physical or psychological harm towards others.
Political corruption: Abuse of power for personal gain by government officials.
Environmental degradation: Damage to the environment, including pollution, deforestation, and climate change.
Educational inequality: Unequal access to education opportunities and resources.
- "It poses and creates a gender gap between individuals that limits the accessibility that women have within society."
- "Power, religion, kinship, prestige, race, ethnicity, gender, age, sexual orientation, and class."
- "Social inequality is linked to economic inequality, usually described on the basis of the unequal distribution of income or wealth."
- "The social rights include labor market, the source of income, health care, and freedom of speech, education, political representation, and participation."
- "Although merit matters to some degree in many societies, research shows that the distribution of resources in societies often follows hierarchical social categorizations of persons to a degree too significant to warrant calling these societies 'meritocratic'."
- "Young was concerned that the Tripartite System of education being practised in the United Kingdom at the time he wrote the essay considered merit to be 'intelligence-plus-effort' and that it would create an educated middle-class elite at the expense of the education of the working class, inevitably resulting in injustice and eventually revolution."
- "In many cases, social inequality is linked to racial and ethnic inequality, gender inequality, and other forms of social status."
- "The most common metric for comparing social inequality in different nations is the Gini coefficient, which measures the concentration of wealth and income in a nation from 0 (evenly distributed wealth and income) to 1 (one person has all wealth and income)."
- "Two nations may have identical Gini coefficients but dramatically different economic (output) and/or quality of life, so the Gini coefficient must be contextualized for meaningful comparisons to be made."