"Concentration of media ownership (also known as media consolidation or media convergence) is a process whereby progressively fewer individuals or organizations control increasing shares of the mass media."
How media industries are owned, controlled and structured.
The history of media ownership: A study of the evolution of media ownership over time.
Concentration of media ownership: A study of the concentration of media ownership and its impact on media content.
Corporate media ownership: A study of ownership of media by major corporations and the impact of corporate interests on media content.
Media diversity: A study of the representation of diverse groups in media ownership and its impact on media content.
Government regulation: A study of the role of government in regulating media ownership and control.
Media globalization: A study of the impact of globalization on media ownership and control.
Alternative media: A study of alternative media as a means of challenging dominant media ownership and control.
Media democracy: A study of the role of media in shaping democratic processes and the impact of media ownership on media democracy.
Propaganda: A study of the use of media for propaganda and how media ownership and control can influence this.
Media consumption: A study of how media ownership and control can shape media consumption patterns.
Media bias: A study of the influence of media ownership and control on media bias.
Media ownership trends: A study of the current trends in media ownership and control.
Media ownership and freedom of speech: A study of the relationship between media ownership and freedom of speech.
Media ownership and political power: A study of the relationship between media ownership and political power.
Media ethics: A study of media ethics and how media ownership and control can impact this.
Media ownership and gender: A study of the gender representation in media ownership and its impact on media content.
Media ownership and race: A study of the representation of race in media ownership and its impact on media content.
Media ownership and class: A study of the representation of class in media ownership and its impact on media content.
Media ownership and technology: A study of the impact of technology on media ownership and control.
Media ownership and audience: A study of the impact of media ownership and control on audience behavior and attitudes.
State-owned media: Media ownership by the government or state. This can be seen in countries with strong government control over media such as China or North Korea.
Private ownership: Media ownership by private individuals or corporations. This is the predominant form of ownership in the Western world.
Public ownership: Media ownership by nonprofits, cooperatives, or community organizations. Public ownership media aims to serve the interests of the community.
Cross ownership: Media ownership where one company owns several media outlets across different mediums such as print, radio, and television.
Concentration of media ownership: The control of the majority of the media outlets by a few large corporations. This can limit diversity and access to different perspectives and views.
Vertical integration: Media ownership where a company owns outlets in different stages of the production process such as owning a newspaper, a printing press, and a distribution network.
Horizontal integration: Media ownership where a company owns multiple media outlets of the same type such as multiple newspapers or radio stations.
Monopolistic ownership: A single entity controls all competing media outlets in a particular region, city or country. This type of ownership is uncommon due to anti-trust regulations.
Foreign ownership: Media ownership by a company or individual from another country.
Collective ownership: Media ownership where ownership is shared among members in a collective such as a cooperative or a union.
"Contemporary research demonstrates increasing levels of consolidation, with many media industries already highly concentrated and dominated by a very small number of firms."
"Globally, large media conglomerates include Bertelsmann, National Amusements (Paramount Global), Sony Group Corporation, News Corp, Comcast, The Walt Disney Company, Warner Bros. Discovery, Fox Corporation, Hearst Communications, Amazon (MGM Holdings Inc.), Grupo Globo (South America), and Lagardère Group."
"As of 2022, the largest media conglomerates in terms of revenue are Comcast, The Walt Disney Company, Warner Bros. Discovery, and Paramount Global."