Quote: "Globalization, or globalisation (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences), is the process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide."
The study of the processes and consequences of global integration, including the spread of capitalism, cultural homogenization, and the emergence of new forms of social and political organization.
The origins of globalization: This topic explores the historical origins of globalization, beginning with the rise of capitalism and the Industrial Revolution.
The impact of technology: This topic examines how technological innovations, such as the Internet and transportation technology, have facilitated global trade and economic integration.
International economic organizations: This topic studies international organizations such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Trade Organization (WTO), which have played a significant role in shaping global economic policies.
International finance: This topic covers topics such as international capital flows, monetary policy, and exchange rate regimes.
Global governance: This topic examines the structures and processes of global governance, including the United Nations, regional organizations, and non-state actors.
Culture and globalization: This topic explores the impact of globalization on culture, including cultural homogenization, hybridity, and cultural resistance.
Globalization and inequality: This topic examines how globalization has affected income distribution and economic inequality, both within and between countries.
Migration and globalization: This topic studies how globalization and the expansion of global markets have facilitated international migration.
Global environmental challenges: This topic examines how globalization has contributed to environmental challenges such as climate change and resource depletion.
Globalization and human rights: This topic explores the impact of globalization on human rights, including issues such as labor rights, access to healthcare, and gender equality.
Economic globalization: This type of globalization refers to the integration of markets and economic systems across countries. It includes the free flow of goods, capital, labor, and technology across borders, and the removal of trade barriers.
Cultural globalization: This type of globalization refers to the spread of cultural values, beliefs, customs, and practices across borders. It includes the diffusion of popular culture, consumer products, media, and entertainment.
Political globalization: This type of globalization refers to the increasing influence of global and regional institutions on national politics and policies. It includes the rise of international organizations like the United Nations, World Trade Organization, and International Monetary Fund.
Technological globalization: This type of globalization refers to the spread and integration of technology across borders. It includes the development and dissemination of new communication, transportation, and production technologies.
Social globalization: This type of globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of people across borders. It includes the rise of global civil society, migration, and the spread of human rights norms.
Environmental globalization: This type of globalization refers to the impact of global economic activity on the environment. It includes the spread of environmental problems like climate change, deforestation, and pollution, and the efforts to mitigate and adapt to these problems at the global level.
Military globalization: This type of globalization refers to the increasing role of military power and security issues in global affairs. It includes the rise of transnational terrorism, the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, and the growing influence of military alliances and interventions.
Quote: "The term globalization first appeared in the early 20th century... and came into popular use in the 1990s to describe the unprecedented international connectivity of the post-Cold War world."
Quote: "Advances in transportation, like the steam locomotive, steamship, jet engine, and container ships, and developments in telecommunication infrastructure such as the telegraph, the Internet, mobile phones, and smartphones, have been major factors in globalization."
Quote: "Globalization is primarily an economic process of interaction and integration that is associated with social and cultural aspects."
Quote: "This increase in global interactions has caused a growth in international trade and the exchange of ideas, beliefs, and culture."
Quote: "However, disputes and international diplomacy are also large parts of the history of globalization and of modern globalization."
Quote: "Large-scale globalization began in the 1820s, and in the late 19th century and early 20th century drove a rapid expansion in the connectivity of the world's economies and cultures."
Quote: "In 2000, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) identified four basic aspects of globalization: trade and transactions, capital and investment movements, migration and movement of people, and the dissemination of knowledge."
Quote: "Globalizing processes affect and are affected by business and work organization."
Quote: "Academic literature commonly divides globalization into three major areas: economic globalization, cultural globalization, and political globalization."
Quote: "Removal of cross-border trade barriers has made the formation of global markets more feasible."
Quote: "Though many scholars place the origins of globalization in modern times, others trace its history to long before the European Age of Discovery and voyages to the New World, and some even to the third millennium BCE."
Quote: "Advances in transportation and developments in telecommunication infrastructure have been major factors in globalization and have generated further interdependence of economic and cultural activities around the globe."
Quote: "The term global city was subsequently popularized by sociologist Saskia Sassen in her work The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo (1991)."
Quote: "Globalizing processes affect and are affected by... sociocultural resources."
Quote: "Economically, globalization involves goods, services, data, technology, and the economic resources of capital."
Quote: "Globalizing processes affect and are affected by... migration and movement of people."
Quote: "Its origins can be traced back to 18th and 19th centuries due to advances in transportation and communications technology."
Quote: "In 2000, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) identified four basic aspects of globalization..."
Quote: "The expansion of global markets liberalizes the economic activities of the exchange of goods and funds."