"International Relations (IR) are the interactions among sovereign states."
The study of the interactions between nations and their governments, including diplomacy, foreign policy, and war.
International Organizations: Study of the role of international organizations such as UN, EU, WTO, etc. in shaping international relations.
International Law: Study of the laws and regulations applied to the international community which govern relations between states, individuals, and organizations.
International Political Economy: Study of how political and economic factors influence international relations.
War and Conflict: Study of the causes, dynamics and prevention of war, civil war, and other forms of inter-group violence.
International Security: Study of the measures taken to prevent or reduce the likelihood of war and other forms of violent conflict.
International History: Study of historical events that contribute to shaping international relations.
International Communication: Study of the role of media and communication technologies in framing and shaping international events.
Globalization: Study of the processes and challenges of globalization, including economic and cultural dimensions of globalization.
International Development: Study of how some societies have developed and how others have lagged behind in economic and social terms.
Political Systems: Study of different political systems and how they interact with each other in the international arena.
Diplomacy: Study of the art of diplomacy, including negotiation, persuasion, communication, and cultural diplomacy.
Intercultural Relations: Study of the patterns and dynamics of interactions among different cultures.
Environmental Issues: Study of environmental problems that are cross-border, such as climate change and pollution.
Human Rights: Study of the norms and rules regarding the protection and promotion of human rights.
Migration and Refugees: Study of the movement of people across borders, including refugees, global migration patterns and causes.
Terrorism: Study of the phenomenon of terrorism, including its definition, causes, and the strategies to deal with it.
Regionalism: Study of regional organizations and their impact on global politics.
Foreign Policy: Study of the decision-making processes, actors and factors that shape foreign policy.
Social Movements: Study of how social movements influence and shape international relations.
Theory of International Relations: Study of the theories and concepts that underpin international relations research.
Bilateral relations: These relations involve between two states or countries. They can be political, economic, military, or cultural.
Multilateral relations: These refer to relationships that involve three or more countries. Organizations like the United Nations, the World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund work on multilateral relations.
Diplomatic relations: This refers to the formal diplomatic contacts between countries. They include ambassadors and consular offices, treaty agreements and negotiations, and the establishment of embassies.
Economic relations: These will include trade, investment, and financial cooperation between nations.
Military relations: These will include alliances, military cooperation, joint exercises, and peacekeeping operations between nations.
Cultural relations: These will include educational, scientific, and cultural exchange programs promoted by nations as part of their foreign cultural policy.
Public relations: Public relations or public diplomacy involves promoting a country's foreign policy and international image among foreign citizens.
Non-governmental organizations (NGOs): These groups are not affiliated with any government, but they work on global issues, such as human rights, the environment, and public health, and may influence international policy.
"It concerns all activities among states—such as war, diplomacy, trade, and foreign policy—as well as relations with and among other international actors."
"Other international actors, such as intergovernmental organizations (IGOs), international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs), international legal bodies, and multinational corporations (MNCs)."
"There are several schools of thought within IR, of which the most prominent are realism, liberalism, and constructivism."
"International relations is widely classified as a major subdiscipline of political science."
"It also often draws heavily from other fields, including anthropology, economics, geography, law, philosophy, sociology, and history."
"International relations did not become a discrete field until 1919."
"...first offered as an undergraduate major by Aberystwyth University in the United Kingdom."
"...in response to the geostrategic concerns of the Cold War."
"The collapse of the Soviet Union and subsequent rise of globalization in the late 20th century."
"The scientific study of those interactions is called international studies, international politics, or international affairs."
"The collapse of the Soviet Union and subsequent rise of globalization."
"Itergovernmental organizations (IGOs), international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs), international legal bodies, and multinational corporations (MNCs)."
"...such as war, diplomacy, trade, and foreign policy."
"...particularly in North America and Western Europe."
"International relations is widely classified as a major subdiscipline of political science."
"...geostrategic concerns of the Cold War."
"It also often draws heavily from other fields, including anthropology, economics, geography, law, philosophy, sociology, and history."
"The collapse of the Soviet Union and subsequent rise of globalization."
"...war, diplomacy, trade, and foreign policy."