"Colonialism is a practice by which a country controls people or areas, often by establishing colonies, generally for strategic and economic advancement."
The practice of acquiring and maintaining political control over another country, often through military force, and exploiting its resources for the benefit of the colonizing country.
Historical context: This includes the events and circumstances that led to the emergence of colonialism, such as the exploration and expansion of European empires.
Imperialism: The political and economic system in which a stronger country controls and exploits a weaker one, often with the aim of accumulating wealth and resources.
Racism: The belief in the superiority of one race over another, which was used to justify colonialism and the subjugation of indigenous people.
Colonization: The practice of physically settling in a territory inhabited by others, often with the aim of asserting political control and economic domination.
Exploitation: The use of resources and labor from colonized territories to fuel the growth and prosperity of the colonizing country.
Resistance: The various forms of resistance to colonialism, including armed struggle, cultural revival, and political mobilization.
Post-colonialism: The study of the long-term effects of colonialism on colonized societies, including questions of cultural identity, economic and political independence, and social inequality.
Globalization: The expansion of economic, cultural, and political networks across borders, often fueled by colonialism and its legacies.
Decolonization: The process of ending colonial rule and achieving independence, often marked by social and political struggles, and negotiations between colonized and colonizing powers.
Migration: The movement of people across borders and the ways in which colonization and its legacies have shaped patterns of migration and migrant experiences.
Settler Colonialism: It involves the displacement of indigenous people by the colonizing power, which then establishes settlements on the land. It typically occurs when a colonial power seeks to gain control and ownership of land for its own people.
Exploitation Colonialism: It involves the extraction of valuable resources from colonized territories to enrich the ruling power. The exploitation is not limited to resources but also encompasses the labor exploitation of colonized people.
Coastal Colonialism: Involves the establishment of trading posts and ports along the coast of colonized territories, with the focus on trade and commerce. It tends to concentrate on establishing a trading relationship that benefits the colonial power.
Internal Colonialism: It involves the domination and control of a particular region or territory within a country or empire. The internal colonization of an ethnic or racial group within a country is a form of internal colonialism.
Neo-Colonialism: It involves the use of economic, political, and military power by industrialized countries to dominate less developed countries. Neo-colonialism occurs when former colonial powers continue to exercise control over the raw materials, labor, and markets of developing countries.
Indirect Colonialism: It involves the use of intermediaries to control colonized territories or regions. These intermediaries are usually local elites who collaborate with the colonial power.
Cultural Colonialism: It involves the imposition of culture and values of the colonizing power onto the colonized population, leading to cultural assimilation and loss of indigenous cultures.
Religious Colonialism: It involves the imposition of the colonizing power’s religion on the colonized population, leading to the loss of indigenous religious and spiritual practices.
Technological Colonialism: It imposes the technological advancement of the colonizing power on colonized territories, encouraging the adoption of new technologies, often at the expense of traditional practices.
Imperial Colonialism: It involves the geopolitical dominance of one country over others to control territories, people, and resources. It is a form of imperialism, which is an inherently exploitative system.
"Colonialism is etymologically rooted in the Latin word 'Colonus', which was used to describe tenant farmers in the Roman Empire."
"Colonialism has existed since ancient times."
"The concept is most strongly associated with the European and Japanese empires."
"Starting in the 15th century and extending to the mid-1900s."
"At first, conquest followed policies of mercantilism, aiming to strengthen the home-country economy."
"Agreements usually restricted the colony to trading only with the metropole (mother country)."
"By the mid-19th century."
"Missionaries were active in practically all of the European-controlled colonies because the metropoles were Christian."
"Historian Philip Hoffman calculated that by 1800, before the Industrial Revolution, Europeans already controlled at least 35% of the globe."
"By 1914, they had gained control of 84% of the globe."
"Colonial powers retreated between 1945 and 1975; over which time nearly all colonies gained independence, entering into changed colonial, so-called postcolonial and neocolonialist relations."
"The coloni sharecroppers started as tenants of landlords, but the system evolved so they were permanently indebted to the landowner and were trapped in servitude."
"The system evolved so they were permanently indebted to the landowner and were trapped in servitude."
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