"In sociology, socialization or socialisation (see spelling differences) is the process of internalizing the norms and ideologies of society."
The process through which individuals learn and internalize the values, norms, and behaviors of their culture or society.
Agents of socialization: These are the individuals or groups that play a significant role in the socialization process. They include family, peers, school, media, religion, and more.
Social roles: These are the expected behaviors, attitudes, and responsibilities that come with occupying a particular position in society, such as being a student, a parent, a politician, a doctor, etc.
Norms: These are the unwritten rules that guide behavior in a particular society, group, or community. They can be formal or informal and can be enforced through social sanctions.
Socialization and identity: This deals with the influence of socialization on one's identity, including gender identity, racial identity, and ethnic identity, among others.
Socialization and social change: This covers how socialization affects social change in a society, including how changes in socialization practices can lead to new societal norms and values.
Socialization and culture: This covers the relationship between socialization and culture, including how culture influences socialization and how socialization helps shape culture.
Socialization and power: This deals with how socialization contributes to power dynamics in society, including how socialization can reinforce or challenge power structures.
Socialization and human development: This covers the role of socialization in human development, including how socialization influences cognitive development and emotional development.
Socialization and deviance: This deals with how socialization can lead to deviant behavior, including how socialization practices can contribute to criminal behavior and delinquency.
Socialization and social psychology: This covers the intersection of socialization and social psychology, including how socialization influences social attitudes, beliefs, and behavior.
Primary Socialization: It is the first and the most critical process of socialization, and it occurs during childhood. This process helps children learn about culture, norms, values, and behaviors that are appropriate for their society.
Secondary Socialization: It occurs during adolescence and adulthood, where individuals learn about their roles in society and how to behave in specific contexts.
Anticipatory Socialization: It is the process of learning the values, beliefs, and behaviors of a group or society before being a member. People often go through this stage before starting a new job, marriage or joining a new group.
Re-Socialization: It is a process that involves breaking down old values, attitudes, and beliefs and replacing them with new norms, values, and behaviors. It typically occurs in institutional settings like prisons, military camps or mental institutions.
Reverse Socialization: It is the process in which younger people teach older people about new technology, cultural attitudes, and social trends.
Informal Socialization: It is the process in which individuals learn the norms and values of their culture through unstructured and non-institutionalized settings like family, peers, or the media.
Formal Socialization: It is the process that occurs in a structured setting such as schools, religious institutions, and training programs.
Organizational Socialization: It is the process by which new employees learn the values, norms, and expectations of their job and the organization.
Gender Socialization: It is the process by which individuals learn the gender roles and expectations associated with their sex.
Cultural Socialization: It is the process by which individuals learn the norms, values, and shared beliefs unique to their cultural group.
Racial Socialization: It is the process by which individuals learn about the importance of race in their society.
Occupational Socialization: It is the process by which individuals learn about and adapt to the norms and values associated with specific jobs or careers.
Political Socialization: It is the process by which individuals learn about the norms and values associated with their political culture.
Religious Socialization: It is the process by which individuals learn about the norms and values of religious institutions and beliefs.
Media Socialization: It is the process by which individuals learn about and are exposed to social norms and values through various media outlets.
"Socialization encompasses both learning and teaching and is thus 'the means by which social and cultural continuity are attained'."
"Socialization is strongly connected to developmental psychology."
"Humans need social experiences to learn their culture and to survive."
"Socialization essentially represents the whole process of learning throughout the life course..."
"Socialization is a central influence on the behavior, beliefs, and actions of adults as well as of children."
"Socialization may lead to desirable outcomes – sometimes labeled 'moral' – as regards the society where it occurs."
"Individual views are influenced by the society's consensus..."
"Socialization provides only a partial explanation for human beliefs and behaviors, maintaining that agents are not blank slates predetermined by their environment..."
"Scientific research provides evidence that people are shaped by both social influences and genes."
"A person's environment interacts with their genotype to influence behavioral outcomes."
"Socialization is the means by which social and cultural continuity are attained."
"Socialization encompasses both learning and teaching..."
"Socialization is a central influence on the behavior, beliefs, and actions of adults as well as of children."
"Agents are not blank slates predetermined by their environment; scientific research provides evidence that people are shaped by both social influences and genes."
"Genetic studies have shown that a person's environment interacts with their genotype to influence behavioral outcomes."
"Socialization may lead to desirable outcomes – sometimes labeled 'moral' – as regards the society where it occurs."
"Individual views are influenced by the society's consensus and usually tend toward what that society finds acceptable or 'normal'."
"Socialization essentially represents the whole process of learning throughout the life course..."
"Socialization is strongly connected to developmental psychology... In sociology, socialization or socialisation is the process of internalizing the norms and ideologies of society."