Social Movements and Collective Action

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The organized efforts of individuals and groups to bring about social or political change, and the strategies they employ to achieve their goals.

Social movements: Social movements are collective, organized efforts by people who share common interests, values, beliefs, and goals to bring about social, cultural, and political change.
Types of social movements: There are many types of social movements, including reform movements, revolutionary movements, counter-culture movements, and more.
Social movement theory: Social movements theories attempt to explain why and how social movements emerge, their development and outcomes, and the impact they have on society.
Collectives: Collectives are groups with shared interests who work together to bring about change, but they may not be as organized or focused as social movements.
Mobilization: Mobilization refers to the process by which individuals come together to form a social movement.
Collective action: Collective action is the coordinated effort of individuals working together to achieve a common goal.
Social networks: Social networks are the relationships that people have with each other, both online and offline, and they often play a crucial role in social movements.
Communication: Communication is a crucial tool for social movements, as it helps participants to mobilize, organize and spread awareness about their cause.
Political opportunities: Political opportunities are the favorable conditions that allow social movements to succeed, such as a sympathetic government or a weak opponent.
Repression: Repression refers to the use of force or coercion to suppress social movements, and it is a common tactic used by governments.
Protest: Protest is a form of collective action and is one of the most common tactics used by social movements to bring about change.
Identity politics: Identity politics refers to the political mobilization of groups based on shared characteristics such as ethnicity, gender, sexuality, or religion.
Framing: Framing refers to the strategic message construction by social movements to create a favorable narrative around their cause.
Resource mobilization: Resource mobilization refers to the skills, information, and other forms of resources that social movement actors need to achieve their goals.
Globalization and transnational activism: Globalization has brought new opportunities for international social movement activism, often resulting in global coalitions that address shared concerns.
Reform Movements: These types of social movements try to bring small or gradual changes within the existing system without transforming the entire system.
Redemptive Movements: These types of social movements try to bring radical changes in people's personal lives which are based on spiritual or religious beliefs.
Revolutionary Movements: These types of social movements aim to transform the fundamental aspects of society, such as economic or political systems.
Alternative Movements: These types of social movements try to provide an alternative to the existing mainstream practices, such as alternative lifestyles, alternative institutions, or alternative communities.
Reactionary Movements: These types of social movements aim to reverse or resist the changes brought about by other social movements.
New Social Movements: These types of social movements focus on post-materialistic issues such as environmentalism, feminism, or human rights.
Animal Rights Movements: These types of social movements aim to promote the ethical treatment of animals and to end the human exploitation of animals.
Anti-globalization Movements: These types of social movements criticize the processes and effects of globalization and advocate for more decentralized and community-based forms of economic and political organization.
Disability Movements: These types of social movements work to improve the lives of people with physical or mental disabilities.
Environmental Movements: These types of social movements aim to protect the natural environment and promote sustainable forms of development.
Feminist Movements: These types of social movements work to achieve gender equality and eliminate discrimination against women.
Gay Rights Movements: These types of social movements promote the legal recognition and social acceptance of homosexuality.
Human Rights Movements: These types of social movements promote the protection and fulfillment of basic human rights across the globe.
Labor Movements: These types of social movements aim to improve the working conditions, wages, and benefits of workers.
Peace Movements: These types of social movements work to promote peace and non-violent conflict resolution.
Pro-choice Movements: These types of social movements advocate for women's reproductive rights, including the right to abortion.
Pro-life Movements: These types of social movements seek to protect the unborn fetus and restrict access to abortion.
Racial Equality Movements: These types of social movements work to eliminate discrimination against racial or ethnic minorities and achieve racial equality.
Religious Movements: These types of social movements are based on religious beliefs and aim to promote spiritual or social change.
Student Movements: These types of social movements are led by students and aim to promote changes in educational policies or campus culture.
- "A social movement is a loosely organized effort by a large group of people to achieve a particular goal, typically a social or political one." - "This may be to carry out a social change, or to resist or undo one."
- "It is a type of group action and may involve individuals, organizations, or both." - "They represent a method of social change from the bottom within nations."
- "Political science and sociology have developed a variety of theories and empirical research on social movements." - "Some research in political science highlights the relation between popular movements and the formation of new political parties." - "Sociologists distinguish between several types of social movements examining things such as scope, type of change, method of work, range, and time frame."
- "Modern Western social movements became possible through education (the wider dissemination of literature) and increased mobility of labor due to industrialization and urbanization." - "The freedom of expression, education, and relative economic independence prevalent in modern Western culture are responsible for the unprecedented number and scope of various contemporary social movements."
- "Social movements have been and continue to be closely connected with democratic political systems." - "Occasionally, social movements have been involved in democratizing nations, but more often they have flourished after democratization."
- "Modern movements often use technology and the internet to mobilize people globally." - "Adapting to communication trends is a common theme among successful movements."
- "Research is beginning to explore how advocacy organizations linked to social movements use social media to facilitate civic engagement and collective action."
- "They represent a method of social change from the bottom within nations." - "They may empower oppressed populations to mount effective challenges and resist the more powerful and advantaged elites."
- "They represent a method of social change from the bottom within nations."
- "Many of the social movements of the last hundred years grew up, like the Mau Mau in Kenya, to oppose Western colonialism."
- "Sociologists distinguish between several types of social movement examining things such as scope, type of change, method of work, range, and time frame." - "Some research in political science highlights the relation between popular movements and the formation of new political parties."
- "Over the past 200 years, they have become part of a popular and global expression of dissent."
- "Adapting to communication trends is a common theme among successful movements."
- "Modern Western social movements became possible through education (the wider dissemination of literature) and increased mobility of labor due to industrialization and urbanization."
- "They represent a method of social change from the bottom within nations."
- "Occasionally, social movements have been involved in democratizing nations, but more often they have flourished after democratization."
- "Social movements have been described as 'organizational structures and strategies that may empower oppressed populations to mount effective challenges and resist the more powerful and advantaged elites'."
- "Modern movements often use technology and the internet to mobilize people globally." - "Adapting to communication trends is a common theme among successful movements."
- "Sociologists distinguish between several types of social movement examining things such as scope, type of change, method of work, range, and time frame."
- "Research is beginning to explore how advocacy organizations linked to social movements use social media to facilitate civic engagement and collective action."