"Gender includes the social, psychological, cultural, and behavioral aspects of being a man, woman, or other gender identity."
Refers to the social and cultural expectations that are associated with being male or female. A person's gender is often determined at birth, but can be influenced by a range of social factors.
Gender as a social construct: The idea that gender is not biologically determined, but rather a product of socialization and cultural expectations.
Gender roles and expectations: The set of norms and values that shape what individuals should or should not do, based on their gender.
Gender identity: The sense of self as male, female, or a combination of both, which can vary in different cultures and contexts.
Gender expression: The ways in which individuals publicly display their gender through clothing, behavior, and other forms of expression.
Intersectionality: The understanding that gender intersects with other social categories such as race, class, and sexuality, creating different experiences and privilege.
Gender inequality: The unequal distribution of resources, opportunities, and power between genders, leading to discrimination and marginalization.
Patriarchy: The social system that privileges men and masculinity over women and femininity, which is pervasive in many societies.
Feminism: The social and political movement that seeks to end gender-based oppression and achieve gender equality.
Masculinity and femininity: The traits, attitudes, and behaviors associated with men and women, which can reinforce gender stereotypes.
Sexism: The prejudice and discrimination based on gender, which can manifest in interpersonal interactions, institutions, and culture.
Cisgender and transgender: The distinction between individuals whose gender identity aligns with the sex they were assigned at birth and those who do not.
LGBTQ+ rights: The movement for equal rights and protection for individuals who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or other non-heterosexual orientations.
Gender-based violence: The forms of violence and abuse that are directed towards individuals based on their gender identity or expression.
The gender pay gap: The difference in earnings between men and women, which often reflects discrimination and bias in the workforce.
Gender and health: The ways in which gender can impact physical and mental health outcomes, and the differential access to healthcare and treatment.
Family and household dynamics: The ways in which gender roles are reproduced and negotiated within the context of the family and domestic spheres.
Gender and education: The ways in which gender shapes educational opportunities and outcomes, including access, achievement, and career choices.
Media representations of gender: The ways in which gender is portrayed and constructed in popular culture and the media, influencing societal attitudes and beliefs.
The history of gender: The historical context in which gender roles and expectations were constructed and how they have evolved over time.
Non-binary gender identity: The existence and experiences of individuals who do not identify as exclusively male or female, and the ongoing struggle for recognition and rights.
Man: A male-identified individual.
Woman: A female-identified individual.
Non-Binary: An umbrella term used to describe people who identify outside of the binary idea of gender.
Transgender: A person whose gender identity differs from the sex that they were assigned at birth.
Genderqueer: A person who identifies outside the binary of male and female or as having a non-normative gender expression.
Genderfluid: A person whose gender identity changes over time or in different situations.
Agender: A person who identifies as having no gender or being gender-neutral.
Two-Spirit: A term used to describe gender-diverse individuals among some Indigenous communities in North America.
Androgynous: A person who has both masculine and feminine qualities in their appearance, behaviour or identity.
Demigender: A person who identifies partially as one gender and partially as another gender or lack of gender.
Bigender: A person who identifies as both male and female or as a combination of two or more genders.
Intersex: A person who is born with ambiguous genitalia, reproductive or sexual anatomy that does not fit typical binary definitions of male or female.
"Most cultures use a gender binary, in which gender is divided into two categories, and people are considered part of one or the other (boys/men and girls/women)"
"Those who are outside these groups may fall under the umbrella term non-binary."
"Some societies have specific genders besides 'man' and 'woman', such as the hijras of South Asia; these are often referred to as third genders."
"Most scholars agree that gender is a central characteristic for social organization."
"In the mid-20th century, a terminological distinction in modern English (known as the sex and gender distinction) between biological sex and gender began to develop."
"Psychology, sexology, and feminism contributed to the development of the sex and gender distinction."
"Feminist theory embraced the concept of a distinction between biological sex and the social construct of gender."
"Most contemporary social scientists in western countries, behavioral scientists and biologists, many legal systems and government bodies, and intergovernmental agencies such as the WHO make a distinction between gender and sex."
"The social sciences have a branch devoted to gender studies."
"Psychology, sociology, sexology, and neuroscience are interested in the subject."
"The social sciences sometimes approach gender as a social construct, and gender studies particularly do."
"Research in the natural sciences investigates whether biological differences in females and males influence the development of gender in humans."
"Biopsychosocial approaches to gender include biological, psychological, and social/cultural aspects."
"Before the mid-20th century, it was uncommon to use the word gender to refer to anything but grammatical categories."
"Most scholars agree that gender is a central characteristic for social organization."
"Some societies have specific genders besides 'man' and 'woman', such as the hijras of South Asia; these are often referred to as third genders."
"Gender includes the social, psychological, cultural, and behavioral aspects of being a man, woman, or other gender identity."
"Psychology, sociology, sexology, and neuroscience are interested in the subject."
"Feminist theory embraced the concept of a distinction between biological sex and the social construct of gender."