"In essence, technological change covers the invention of technologies (including processes) and their commercialization or release as open source via research and development."
The study of how technological changes affect economic behavior, institutions, and outcomes, and how they are shaped by social relations and institutions.
Innovation: This topic explores the ways in which new technologies are developed and adopted, and how they impact economies, industries, and societies.
Disruptive Technologies: This examines the impact of new technologies that fundamentally alter how goods and services are produced or consumed, and how they can lead to industry shakeups.
Digitalization: This topic studies the integration of digital technologies into everyday life and work, and how they transform markets, organizations, and social interactions.
Globalization: This considers the ways in which trade and finance channels connect different parts of the world, and how this affects economic development, inequality, and cultural exchange.
Industrial Restructuring: This looks at how economic change affects the structure of industries, firms, and production processes, and how this creates opportunities and challenges for workers and communities.
Creative Economies: This examines how cultural and creative industries operate, and how they can stimulate economic growth and social innovation.
Socio-Technical Systems: This considers the interactions between technological systems and social structures, and how they shape work, leisure, and culture.
Intellectual Property: This topic explores the role of intellectual property and patents in promoting innovation, as well as the challenges of balancing private and public interests.
Responsible Innovation: This considers the ethical and social dimensions of technological innovation, and how innovation can be steered towards more sustainable and equitable outcomes.
Technological Change in Developing Countries: This examines how technology influences economic development and growth in developing countries, and how it can be used to address social and environmental challenges.
Political Economy of Technology: This considers the relations between technology, power, and governance, including issues of regulation, labor rights, and corporate accountability.
Public-Private Partnerships: This examines the role of public and private actors in fostering technological innovation and economic development, and the tensions that can arise between different stakeholders.
Technology and Education: This considers the ways in which educational systems are affected by technological change, including distance learning, online education, and educational technology.
Technology and Health: This examines the impact of technology on health and healthcare systems, including issues related to medical devices, digital health, and personalized medicine.
Future of Work: This studies how technological change is transforming the nature and distribution of work, including issues of automation, gig work, and the changing nature of management and organization.
Automation: The use of advanced technology such as robotics and artificial intelligence to replace human labor in manufacturing and service industries.
Digitization: The conversion of analog information into digital format, leading to the development of new technologies such as software, online platforms, and digital communication.
Globalization: The integration of national economies into a global economy through free trade agreements, international markets, and global supply chains.
Deindustrialization: The decline of manufacturing industries in developed countries, leading to the loss of jobs and the emergence of service-based economies.
Outsourcing: The practice of contracting work to external suppliers, often in different countries, in order to reduce costs and increase efficiency.
Sharing economy: The use of online platforms to facilitate peer-to-peer transactions of goods and services, leading to the growth of collaborative consumption and a shift away from traditional business models.
Innovation: The development of new technologies, products, and methods of production, leading to increased productivity and economic growth.
Financialization: The increasing influence of financial markets and institutions on economic activity, leading to a greater focus on short-term profits and financial speculation.
Environmentalism: The recognition of the importance of sustainability and the impact of human activity on the natural environment, leading to the development of new technologies and the emergence of sustainable business practices.
"The overall process of invention, innovation and diffusion of technology or processes."
"The commercialization or release [of technologies] as open source via research and development."
"Producing emerging technologies."
"They often become less expensive."
"The diffusion of technologies throughout industry or society."
"It sometimes involves disruption and convergence."
"Technological change is based on both better and more technology." These questions cover the main aspects and details provided in the paragraph. They can be used as study questions to test understanding and explore the topic of technological change further.