- "Racial profiling or ethnic profiling is the act of suspecting, targeting, or discriminating against a person on the basis of their ethnicity, religion or nationality, rather than on individual suspicion or available evidence."
This topic examines the relationship between race, gender, and crime, including the impact of discrimination and bias in the criminal justice system.
Institutional racism: The laws, policies, and practices that intentionally or unintentionally discriminate against people of certain races.
Gender norms and crime: The societal expectations of behavior and attitudes for men and women, and how these interact with criminal behavior.
Intersectionality: The interconnectedness of different social identities, such as race, gender, class, and sexuality, and their impact on experiences of crime and criminal justice.
Racial profiling: The practice of law enforcement officials targeting individuals of certain races or ethnicities based on stereotypes or assumptions.
Feminist criminology: A perspective that examines the ways in which gender and patriarchy impact criminal behavior, the criminal justice system, and societal norms surrounding crime.
Masculinities and crime: The construction of masculine identities and how they shape criminal behavior and experiences within the criminal justice system.
Race and policing: The history of police brutality and the relationship between law enforcement and communities of color.
Sexual orientation and crime: The ways in which attitudes towards LGBTQ individuals shape their experiences of crime and the criminal justice system.
Hate crimes: Crimes motivated by bias towards a particular race, religion, or social group.
Restorative justice: A model of justice that focuses on repairing the harm caused by crime and bringing together victims, offenders, and community members to find solutions.
Racial disparities in incarceration: The disproportionate number of people of color in American prisons and jails.
Cultural criminology: The ways in which cultural practices and belief systems shape crime and criminal justice.
Gendered violence: The intersection of gender and violence, including sexual assault, domestic violence, and human trafficking.
Implicit bias: The unconscious attitudes and stereotypes that can impact decision-making in law enforcement, the criminal justice system, and other institutions.
Reproductive justice: The ways in which reproductive health rights and access to healthcare intersect with criminal justice issues, particularly for women of color.
Crimmigration: The intersectionality between criminal law and immigration law, particularly as it relates to the treatment of immigrants and refugees.
Environmental justice: The intersection of race, gender, and crime in environmental harm and policy-making.
Disability and crime: The unique experiences of individuals with disabilities within the criminal justice system and the ways in which ableism can shape criminal behavior.
Critical race theory: An approach that analyzes how race and racism intersect with other social identities and institutions.
Unconscious racism: The ways in which individuals can unintentionally perpetuate racism through their thoughts, words, and actions.
- "Racial profiling involves discrimination against minority populations and often builds on negative stereotypes of the targeted demographic."
- "Racial profiling can involve disproportionate stop searches, traffic stops, and the use of surveillance technology for facial identification."
- "Racial profiling can occur de jure, when the state has policies in place that target specific racial groups, or de facto, when the practice may occur outside official legislation."
- "Critics argue that racial profiling is discriminatory, as it disproportionately targets people of color."
- "Supporters argue that it can be an effective tool for preventing crime but acknowledge that the practice should be closely monitored and must be used in a way that respects civil rights."
- "Racial profiling... is the act of suspecting, targeting or discriminating against a person on the basis of their ethnicity, religion or nationality, rather than on individual suspicion or available evidence."
- "Racial profiling involves discrimination against minority populations..."
- "...when the practice may occur outside official legislation."
- "Racial profiling can involve disproportionate stop searches, traffic stops, and the use of surveillance technology for facial identification."
- "Racial profiling involves discrimination against minority populations and often builds on negative stereotypes of the targeted demographic."
- "Critics argue that racial profiling is discriminatory, as it disproportionately targets people of color."
- "Critics argue that racial profiling is discriminatory, as it disproportionately targets people of color."
- "Supporters argue that it can be an effective tool for preventing crime..."
- "Supporters... acknowledge that the practice should be closely monitored and must be used in a way that respects civil rights."
- "Racial profiling...is the act of suspecting, targeting or discriminating against a person on the basis of their ethnicity, religion or nationality, rather than on individual suspicion or available evidence."
- "Racial profiling can involve disproportionate stop searches..."
- "Racial profiling can involve... the use of surveillance technology for facial identification."
- "Racial profiling can occur de jure...or de facto..."
- "...the practice should be closely monitored and must be used in a way that respects civil rights." Note: The quotes provided are paraphrased to fit the context of the study questions but capture the key information from the original paragraph.