- "The pair-structured phrases 'religion and science' and 'science and religion' first emerged in the literature during the 19th century."
Understanding of the relationship and conflicts between Hinduism and science.
Vedas: The Vedas are the oldest sacred texts of Hinduism and are considered as the source of all knowledge in Hinduism.
Upanishads: The Upanishads are philosophical and mystical texts that explain the nature of the self (Atman) and the ultimate reality (Brahman).
Advaita Vedanta: It is a non-dualistic school of Vedanta philosophy that asserts that there is no difference between the individual self and the ultimate reality.
Yoga: Yoga is a spiritual and physical practice that aims to unite the individual self with the ultimate reality through various physical postures (Asanas), breathing techniques (Pranayama), and meditation.
Karma: Karma is the law of cause and effect that governs the universe. It is believed that all actions have consequences that affect the individual in this life and in the next.
Dharma: Dharma is the natural law that governs the universe and each individual's duties and responsibilities.
Bhagavad Gita: The Bhagavad Gita is a part of the Hindu epic, the Mahabharata. It is a dialogue between the warrior Arjuna and his charioteer Krishna, in which Krishna expounds on various aspects of Hindu philosophy.
Reincarnation: The belief in reincarnation is central to Hinduism. It is believed that the soul is immortal and takes birth in different bodies according to the actions and the karma of the individual.
Shiva and Shakti: Shiva and Shakti are two principles of the ultimate reality. Shiva represents the masculine principle, and Shakti represents the feminine principle.
Ayurveda: Ayurveda is a traditional system of medicine that originated in India. It is based on the concept of balance between the mind, body, and spirit.
Jnana Yoga: Jnana Yoga is the path of knowledge and aims to intellectually understand the ultimate reality.
Bhakti Yoga: Bhakti Yoga is the path of devotion and aims to develop a loving relationship with the ultimate reality.
Science in Hinduism: Hinduism has a rich tradition of science and technology, especially in the fields of astronomy, mathematics, and medicine.
Vedic Mathematics: Vedic mathematics is a system of mathematical calculations based on the Vedas.
Sanskrit: Sanskrit is an ancient language of India and is the language in which the Vedas and many other Hindu texts were written.
Vedic Hinduism: The oldest form of Hinduism, based on the Vedas, the most ancient scriptures of Hinduism.
Bhakti Hinduism: This form of Hinduism emphasizes devotion and worship of a personal God, often expressed through music, dance, and other forms of art.
Yogic Hinduism: Emphasizes the practice of yoga and meditation to achieve spiritual enlightenment.
Tantric Hinduism: Based on the practice of Tantra, which involves rituals, meditation, and visualization to achieve spiritual and physical balance.
Vaishnavism: A sect of Hinduism that worships the god Vishnu and his incarnations.
Shaivism: A sect of Hinduism that worships the god Shiva as the ultimate reality.
Ayurveda: An ancient Indian medical system, which is based on natural remedies, diet, and lifestyle practices.
Jyotish: An ancient Indian system of astrology and horoscope reading, based on the position of stars and planets at the time of birth.
Vastu Shastra: A traditional Indian system of architecture and building design, which emphasizes the use of natural elements to promote balance and harmony.
Yoga and Meditation: These practices are believed to have scientific benefits such as increasing focus, reducing stress, and improving overall physical and mental health.
Advaita Vedanta Philosophy: A form of Hinduism that emphasizes on the unity of all existence and the concept of non-duality.
- "The refining of 'science' and of 'religion' as distinct concepts...due to professionalization of the sciences, the Protestant Reformation, colonization, and globalization."
- "Most scientific and technical innovations until the scientific revolution were achieved by societies organized by religious traditions."
- "Roger Bacon, often credited with formalizing the scientific method."
- "Many 21st-century Buddhists view science as complementary to their beliefs."
- "The classification of the material world by the ancient Indians and Greeks into air, earth, fire, and water."
- "The Galileo affair of the early 17th century, associated with the scientific revolution and the Age of Enlightenment."
- "John William Draper postulated a conflict thesis, suggesting that religion and science have been in conflict throughout history."
- "Some contemporary philosophers and scientists, such as Richard Dawkins, Lawrence Krauss, Peter Atkins, and Donald Prothero subscribe to this thesis."
- "Augustine of Hippo to Thomas Aquinas to Francisco Ayala, Kenneth R. Miller, and Francis Collins have seen compatibility or interdependence between religion and science."
- "Biologist Stephen Jay Gould regarded religion and science as 'non-overlapping magisteria', addressing fundamentally separate forms of knowledge and aspects of life."
- "Some historians of science and mathematicians, including John Lennox, Thomas Berry, and Brian Swimme, propose an interconnection between science and religion."
- "Public acceptance of scientific facts may sometimes be influenced by religious beliefs."
- "The American National Academy of Sciences has written that 'the evidence for evolution can be fully compatible with religious faith', a view endorsed by many religious denominations."
- "Confucian thought, whether religious or non-religious in nature, has held different views of science over time."
- "The philosophical integrity of such Buddhist modernism has been challenged."
- "Ancient pagan, Islamic, and Christian scholars pioneered individual elements of the scientific method."
- "Historians such as Stephen Shapin claim that 'it is a very long time since these attitudes have been held by historians of science.'"
- "Medieval Middle Eastern scholars empirically classified materials."
- "The scientific revolution and the Age of Enlightenment...led scholars...to postulate a conflict thesis."