Quote: "which consists of six orthodox schools of thought (shad-darśana): Samkhya, Yoga, Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Mimamsa and Vedanta."
The study of Hinduism's philosophical, metaphysical, and ethical concepts.
Vedas: The sacred texts of Hinduism, containing hymns, chants, and rituals that are believed to reveal the ultimate truth.
Upanishads: Philosophical texts that delve deeper into the concepts of transcendence and the nature of reality.
Bhagavad Gita: A sacred Hindu scripture that is widely read and revered for its teachings on ethics, morality, and spirituality.
Yoga: A system of spiritual and physical practices that is popular worldwide, but originated in Hindu philosophy.
Dharma: The guiding principles that dictate individual conduct, morality, and duty.
Karma: A fundamental concept in Hinduism that refers to the idea that our actions have consequences in this life and in future lives.
Reincarnation: The belief that the soul is reborn into a new body after death, based on the accumulated karma from previous lives.
Atman/Brahman: The Hindu concept of the individual self and the ultimate reality.
Moksha: The ultimate goal of Hindu philosophy, liberation from the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth.
Puja: Hindu worship rituals that involve offerings, chants, and prayers to various deities.
Avatar: The incarnations of the divine on earth, including the most famous incarnation, Lord Krishna.
Sacred Sites: Holy places in India that are deeply ingrained in Hindu philosophy and tradition, such as the Ganges River, the Himalayas mountains, and the temples of Varanasi and Rishikesh.
Caste System: A social hierarchy that has been a part of Hindu society for centuries, determining one's social and economic status.
Jnana Yoga: The path to enlightenment through knowledge and self-realization.
Bhakti Yoga: The path to enlightenment through devotion and love for God.
Raja Yoga: The path to enlightenment through meditation and self-discipline.
Tantra: A tradition of Hinduism that focuses on the use of rituals, visualization, and other techniques to attain liberation and union with the divine.
Advaita Vedanta: A school of Hinduism that emphasizes non-dualism, the idea that the individual self (atman) is the same as the ultimate reality (Brahman).
Samkhya: This philosophy revolves around the concept of evolution of the universe, where a subtle material known as Prakriti combines with Purusha (consciousness) leading to the creation of the universe.
Yoga: This philosophy was originated by Patanjali in the Yoga Sutras. It includes eight limbs aimed at achieving liberation from cause and effect by controlling the mind.
Advaita Vedanta: This philosophy was founded by Shankara and is one of the most dominant philosophies. It is based on the idea that the ultimate reality, Brahman, is non-dualistic and all beings are one.
Vaisheshika: This philosophy states that the universe is made up of atoms and the laws of nature govern the movement of these atoms.
Mimamsa: This philosophy is focused on the interpretation of the Vedas and the performance of rituals as a means to achieve liberation.
Nyaya: This philosophy is based on logical reasoning and involves the study of epistemology, logic, and metaphysics.
Vedanta: This philosophy is based on the Upanishads and focuses on the nature of reality and consciousness.
Bhakti: This philosophy emphasizes devotion and worship towards God and believes that love and devotion towards the divine is the path towards liberation.
Tantra: This philosophy involves the use of rituals, meditations, and other practices to harness the power of Shakti, the divine feminine energy.
Sufi: This philosophy is a mystical form of Islam that emphasizes the personal experience of the divine through devotion and meditation.
Natha: This philosophy is focused on the attainment of spiritual knowledge and liberation through the practice of Hatha Yoga and Tantra.
Kashmir Shaivism: This philosophy is based on the principles of non-dualism and emphasizes the belief in the ultimate reality, Shiva.
Sikhism: This philosophy, founded by Guru Nanak, emphasizes the oneness of God, the importance of meditation, and the need to do good deeds.
Jainism: This philosophy focuses on the pursuit of liberation through the practice of non-violence, truthfulness, and austerity.
Buddhism: This philosophy, founded by Buddha, is centered around the Four Noble Truths, the Eightfold Path, and the concept of enlightenment through the cessation of suffering.
Quote: "In Indian tradition, the word used for philosophy is Darshana (viewpoint or perspective), from the Sanskrit root drish ('to see, to experience')."
Quote: "those that accept the Vedas as an authoritative, important source of knowledge."
Quote: "Buddhism, Jainism, Chārvāka, Ājīvika, and others."
Quote: "Western scholars have debated the relationship and differences within āstika philosophies and with nāstika philosophies..."
Quote: "they are united by shared history and concepts, same textual resources, similar ontological and soteriological focus, and cosmology."
Quote: "because the word Hindu is also an exonym and historically, the term has also been used as a geographical and cultural identifier for people living in the Indian subcontinent."
Quote: "Examples of such schools include Pāśupata Śaiva, Śaiva siddhānta, Pratyabhijña, Raseśvara and Vaiṣṇava."
Quote: "the realism of the Nyāya, the naturalism of the Vaiśeṣika, the dualism of the Sāṅkhya, the non-dualism and knowledge of Self as essential to liberation of Advaita, the self-discipline of Yoga and the asceticism and elements of theistic ideas."
Quote: "The ideas of these sub-schools are found in the Puranas and Āgamas."
Quote: "Each school of Hindu philosophy has extensive epistemological literature called Pramana..."
Quote: "as well as theories on metaphysics, axiology, and other topics."
Quote: "developing alongside the religion of Hinduism and emerging in the Iron and Classical periods."
Quote: "the term has also been used as a geographical and cultural identifier for people living in the Indian subcontinent."
Quote: "Buddhism, Jainism, Chārvāka, Ājīvika, and others."
Quote: "six orthodox schools of thought (shad-darśana)"
Quote: "While Buddhism and Jainism are considered distinct philosophies and religions..."
Quote: "some heterodox (nāstika) traditions such as Cārvāka."
Quote: "from the Sanskrit root drish ('to see, to experience')."
Quote: "those that accept the Vedas as an authoritative, important source of knowledge."