The Confucian ideal of the 'gentleman' or 'superior person' who embodies the virtues of a wise and morally upright leader.
Confucius: The life and teachings of Confucius, the founder of Confucianism. His life, philosophy and teachings are the foundation of the junzi concept.
The Analects: This is a collection of the sayings and teachings of Confucius that were documented by his disciples. They serve as the main source of Confucian thought.
The Five Virtues: These five virtues are the basis of Confucian morality and they include: benevolence, righteousness, loyalty, wisdom, and faith.
The Doctrine of the Mean: This is a collection of teachings that explains how people should behave in order to achieve balance and harmony in their lives.
The Great Learning: This is another collection of teachings that explains the importance of education and personal development as a means of living a virtuous life.
Filial Piety: This is the practice of showing respect and obedience to one's parents and ancestors, which is considered a crucial aspect of Confucianism.
Confucian Ethics: The ethical principles of Confucianism that focus on social harmony, respect for authority, and personal integrity.
The Role of Education: Education is highly valued in Confucianism as a means of personal and societal development.
Rituals and Ceremonies: Confucianism includes a number of rituals and ceremonies that are designed to show respect and gratitude to others and cultivate virtue.
Civil Service Examinations: This was a system introduced during the Han Dynasty that tested individuals on their knowledge of Confucianism, and those who passed were given government positions.
Confucianism and Buddhism: There is a long history of interaction between Confucianism and Buddhism in China, with each belief system influencing the other.
Contemporary Confucianism: There are various interpretations of Confucianism today, with some modern thinkers incorporating elements of Western thought and philosophy.