Christian Philosophy and Theology

Home > Religion > Christianity > Christian Philosophy and Theology

An overview of the major schools of Christian thought throughout history, including Catholic, Protestant, and Orthodox perspectives.

The Bible: Its history, structure, and content.
God: The nature and attributes of God, the Trinity.
Creation: Understanding the Christian view of the world and humanity's place in it.
Sin and Salvation: The problem of sin and the way of redemption.
Jesus Christ: His life, death, and resurrection, his divinity and humanity.
The Church: Its nature and role in Christian life.
Ethics and Morality: Christian principles and values, Christian ethics and moral theory.
Philosophy of Religion: The relationship between faith and reason, the role of religious experience and belief in God's existence.
Philosophy of God: The nature of God, divine attributes, the problem of evil, and divine providence.
Historical Theology: Significant figures and events in Christian history, church councils, and creeds.
Comparative Religion: A comparison of Christianity with other religions, their similarities, and differences.
Systematic Theology: The way Christian beliefs relate to one another as a system or whole.
Practical Theology: Applying Christian principles to everyday life and ministry, pastoral care, worship, and evangelism.
Patristic theology: Focuses on the writings and teachings of the early Church Fathers who lived during the first centuries of Christianity.
Scholasticism: A medieval school of thought which emphasized reason, logic and systematic organization of knowledge.
Reformation theology: Refers to the theological debates of the 16th century Protestant Reformation.
Puritan theology: An evangelical movement that emerged in the 16th and 17th centuries that placed great emphasis on personal piety and practical Christianity.
Wesleyan theology: An evangelical movement that emphasized the importance of religious experience and revivalism, and focused on the theology of John Wesley.
Liberal theology: A movement that emerged in the 19th century which focused on the idea that religious beliefs and practices should be adaptable to modern culture and scientific discoveries.
Fundamentalism: A conservative movement that emerged in reaction to liberalism, which aims at defending the literal interpretation of Scripture and the essentials of Christian doctrine.
Liberation theology: A movement that emerged in the 20th century from the Roman Catholic Church that emphasized social justice and support for the oppressed and the marginalized.
Postmodern theology: A theological school that emerged in the late 20th century that emphasizes the idea that reality is shaped by our perceptions and cultural backgrounds.
Evangelical theology: A movement that promotes the belief that the Bible is the infallible word of God and that salvation is achieved by faith alone in Jesus Christ.
- "Such study concentrates primarily upon the texts of the Old Testament and of the New Testament, as well as on Christian tradition."
- "Christian theologians use biblical exegesis, rational analysis, and argument."
- "Theologians may undertake the study of Christian theology for a variety of reasons..."
- "help them better understand Christian tenets"
- "make comparisons between Christianity and other traditions"
- "defend Christianity against objections and criticism"
- "facilitate reforms in the Christian church"
- "assist in the propagation of Christianity"
- "draw on the resources of the Christian tradition to address some present situation or perceived need"
- "education in Christian philosophy, especially in Neoplatonic philosophy"
- "Christian theology has permeated much of non-ecclesiastical Western culture"
- "although Christianity is a worldwide religion."
- "the texts of the Old Testament and of the New Testament"
- "Christian theologians use biblical exegesis, rational analysis, and argument."
- "facilitate reforms in the Christian church"
- "draw on the resources of the Christian tradition to address some present situation or perceived need"
- "assist in the propagation of Christianity"
- "make comparisons between Christianity and other traditions"
- "Christian theology has permeated much of non-ecclesiastical Western culture, especially in pre-modern Europe"
- "defend Christianity against objections and criticism"