Nirvana

Four Noble Truths: The foundational teachings of Buddhism, which describe the nature of suffering, its causes, and the path to its cessation.

Eightfold Path: The steps one must follow to achieve Nirvana, including right view, intention, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and concentration.

Three Universal Truths: The basic principles of Buddhism that describe the impermanence of all things, the cause of suffering, and the possibility of liberation.

Karma: The law of cause and effect, which governs the consequences of one's actions and thoughts.

Rebirth: The continuation of one's consciousness after death in a new form, determined by one's karma.

Dependent Origination: The teaching that all phenomena arise in dependence on other factors, and that the ignorance of this fact gives rise to suffering.

Emptiness: The concept that all phenomena are devoid of inherent existence, and that the perception of self and other is illusory.

Meditation: The practice of mindfulness and focus on the breath or other objects, which is central to Buddhist practice and the path to Nirvana.

Noble Eightfold Path Factors: Perfect view, perfect intention, perfect speech, perfect action, perfect livelihood, perfect effort, perfect mindfulness, and perfect concentration.

Bodhisattva: A being who has committed to achieving enlightenment, but who postpones or foregoes this for the benefit of others.

Compassion: The quality of empathizing with and acting for the benefit of others.

Zen Buddhism: A school of Buddhism that emphasizes the use of meditation and direct experience of reality, and de-emphasizes the importance of scripture and ritual.

Pure Land Buddhism: A school of Buddhism that focuses on the practice of devotion to Buddha Amitabha, with the aim of being reborn in his Pure Land.

Theravada Buddhism: A school of Buddhism that emphasizes the original teachings of Buddha, and sees the goal of Nirvana as attainable by individual effort.

Mahayana Buddhism: A school of Buddhism that emphasizes the bodhisattva ideal and the possibility of reaching enlightenment for the sake of others.

Nirvana with no remainder (Parinirvana): This is the final and complete Nirvana, and it is attained at the end of life. It is the state of ultimate liberation from suffering, death and the cycle of rebirth.

Nirvana with remainder (Sopadisesa-nirvana): This is a temporary state of Nirvana, which is experienced during one's lifetime. It is a state of partial liberation from suffering, in which the individual still experiences the effects of past karmic actions, but is not bound by them.

Natural Nirvana (Svabhavikakaya): This is also known as innate Nirvana, and is the state of ultimate reality, transcending all dualistic concepts and interpretations.

Non-dual Nirvana (Advayakaya): This is the state of ultimate reality, free from all dualistic concepts such as good and evil, self and other, and existence and non-existence.

Perfect Nirvana (Suddhavasa): This is a state of ultimate purity and perfection, in which all defilements and limitations have been overcome.

Buddha-Nature Nirvana (Tathagatagarbha-nirvana): This is the state of absolute enlightenment, in which the individual becomes one with the Buddha-nature, the inherent potential for awakening present in all beings.

Blissful Nirvana (Sukhavati): This is the state of ultimate bliss and happiness, experienced by buddhas and bodhisattvas in their pure lands.

Sudden Nirvana (Ekaksana): This is a sudden and instantaneous realization of Nirvana, as opposed to a gradual path of practice and purification.