This topic covers the importance of replicating research studies to confirm or refute findings.
Definition of Replication and Reproducibility: These terms are central concepts in research methods and psychology; they refer to the ability to reproduce the results of a study or experiment.
Types of Replications: There are three types of replications, namely exact replication, partial replication, and conceptual replication.
Importance of Replication and Reproducibility: These concepts are important for establishing the validity of scientific findings and promoting trust in research.
Challenges to Replication and Reproducibility: There are several challenges to conducting successful replications, such as variations in study conditions, low statistical power, and publication bias.
Statistical Methods for Replication and Reproducibility: Various statistical methods, such as effect size estimation, confidence intervals, and meta-analyses, can be used to assess the replicability and reproducibility of studies.
Open Science Practices: Open science practices, such as pre-registration of studies, open data sharing, and peer review, can increase transparency and promote replication and reproducibility.
Replication in Practice: Replication studies can be challenging to implement, but there are practical steps researchers can take to increase the likelihood of successful replication.
Reproducibility in Practice: Reproducibility can be improved through robust study design, rigorous data analysis, and transparent reporting practices.
Ethics of Replication and Reproducibility: Ethical considerations, such as avoiding plagiarism and maintaining confidentiality, also play a role in replication and reproducibility.
Future Directions in Replication and Reproducibility: There is ongoing debate and discussion around how best to promote replication and reproducibility in psychology research. Future directions include increasing transparency, adopting standardized reporting practices, and improving statistical techniques.
Direct replication: Replicating an original study using the same methods, measures, and participants.
Conceptual replication: Replicating an original study using different methods, but with the same aim, hypothesis, or theoretical construct.
Methodological replication: Replicating an original study using different methods but with the same aim, hypothesis, or theoretical construct.
Internal replication: Replicating a specific aspect of an original study, such as a statistical analysis or specific findings.
External replication: Replicating an original study in a different setting or with different populations, such as a different age group, culture or population.
Exact replication: Replicating an original study precisely without any modifications.
Partial replication: Replicating an original study with some modifications or adaptations.
Robustness replication: Replicating an original study with modifications to the study design or methods, to test the robustness of the original findings.
Out-of-sample replication: Replicating an original study with a new sample to test the generalizability of the original findings.
Pre-registration: Registering the research method and hypotheses of the study prior to conducting the study to eliminate the possibility of selective reporting.
Open science practices: Conducting research in a transparent manner, including open data sharing, pre-registration, and posting study materials, protocols and data.
Replication with extension: Replicating an original study, while also adding additional questions, measures or manipulations to the study design to answer additional questions.
Replication-plus extension: Extending an original study by adding new manipulations, conditions or samples, with the continued aim of testing the original hypothesis.