"Research is 'creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge'."
This topic covers ethical considerations that researchers must follow when conducting research studies involving human or animal participants.
Introduction to Ethics in Research: The basic principles of research ethics, including the importance of ethical decision-making and accountability.
History of Research Ethics: The evolution of ethical principles in research, including the development of ethical codes and regulations, and the role of historical events in shaping contemporary research ethics.
Ethical Principles in Research: Common ethical principles that underlie research, such as respect for persons, beneficence, and justice.
Subjects and Participants in Research: The ethical principles guiding the selection, recruitment, and treatment of subjects and participants in research, with emphasis on informed consent, risk mitigation, and confidentiality.
Ethical Issues in Research: Contemporary ethical issues in research, including bias, conflict of interest, informed consent, deception, and privacy.
Research Responsibilities and Accountabilities: The ethical and legal responsibilities of researchers, including the roles and obligations of researchers, research institutions, funding agencies, and regulatory bodies.
Ethical Guidelines in Research: Review of national and international guidelines and regulations that govern research, including the Belmont Report, Declaration of Helsinki, and the Common Rule.
Ethical Review Process: The process of ethical review, approval, and monitoring of research projects, including Institutional Review Board (IRB) procedures and protocol.
Ethical Data Management: The ethical and legal considerations pertaining to the collection, storage, and dissemination of research data, including data privacy, confidentiality, and security.
Ethics and Publication: Ethical issues related to the publication of research, including authorship, plagiarism, data accuracy, and data sharing.
Ethics in Human Subjects Research: Specific ethical challenges and considerations related to different types of human subjects research, such as clinical trials, genetic research, and research with vulnerable populations.
Ethics in Animal Research: The principles and regulations governing ethical animal research, including animal care and use guidelines and ethical considerations in the use of animals for scientific purposes.
Deontological ethics: Actions in research are judged based on their inherent morality or immorality, irrespective of their consequences.
Consequentialist ethics: Ethical judgments are based on the consequences of an action.
Virtue ethics: Ethics in research are based on personal moral standards and character development.
Utilitarian ethics: The ethical value of a research action is determined based on its usefulness or beneficial outcome.
Relational ethics: Ethics in research are determined by the researcher's relationship with the participants and the impact of the research on their lives and communities.
Feminist ethics: Ethics in research are viewed from the lens of gender equity and women's experiences.
Intersectional ethics: Ethics in research are determined by the complex and intersecting identities of the participants.
Cultural relativism: Ethics in research are determined by the cultural norms and values of the research participants.
Ethical pluralism: Multiple ethical frameworks are used to determine the most appropriate action in a research scenario.
Postmodern ethics: Ethics in research are viewed as multiple, fragmented, and fluid moral frameworks.
"It involves the collection, organization and analysis of evidence to increase understanding of a topic, characterized by a particular attentiveness to controlling sources of bias and error."
"A research project may be an expansion on past work in the field. To test the validity of instruments, procedures, or experiments, research may replicate elements of prior projects or the project as a whole."
"The primary purposes of basic research (as opposed to applied research) are documentation, discovery, interpretation, and the research and development (R&D) of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge."
"Approaches to research depend on epistemologies, which vary considerably both within and between humanities and sciences."
"There are several forms of research: scientific, humanities, artistic, economic, social, business, marketing, practitioner research, life, technological, etc."
"The scientific study of research practices is known as meta-research."
"A researcher is a person engaged in conducting research, possibly recognized as an occupation by a formal job title."
"In order to be a social researcher or social scientist, one should have enormous knowledge of subject related to social science that they are specialized in."
"Similarly, in order to be a natural science researcher, the person should have knowledge on field related to natural science (physics, chemistry, biology, astronomy, zoology and so on)."
"To test the validity of instruments, procedures, or experiments, research may replicate elements of prior projects or the project as a whole."
"...the research and development (R&D) of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge."
"It involves the collection, organization and analysis of evidence to increase understanding of a topic."
"It involves a particular attentiveness to controlling sources of bias and error."
"There are several forms of research: scientific, humanities, artistic, economic, social, business, marketing, practitioner research, life, technological, etc."
"Research is 'creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge'."
"A research project may be an expansion on past work in the field."
"The primary purposes of basic research (as opposed to applied research) are documentation, discovery, interpretation, and the research and development (R&D) of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge."
"The scientific study of research practices is known as meta-research."
"A researcher is a person engaged in conducting research, possibly recognized as an occupation by a formal job title."