"Psychoanalysis was established in the early 1890s by Sigmund Freud..."
Theories that focus on the interaction between the conscious and unconscious aspects of personality and how they influence behavior.
Unconscious mind: The unconscious mind is where repressed thoughts, desires, and memories are stored and influence behavior and personality traits.
Id, ego, and superego: Sigmund Freud's theory of personality including the three parts of the psyche that control behavior.
Defense mechanisms: Unconscious strategies people use to avoid anxiety and maintain a positive self-image.
Psychosexual stages: Freudian theory that personality development occurs through five stages of sexual development in childhood.
Oedipus complex: A Freudian concept where a child has an unconscious desire for his/her opposite-sex parent.
Jungian archetypes: Carl Jung's theory of universal myths and symbols present in the collective unconscious.
Transference: The process of projecting feelings and attitudes onto someone else, especially in the context of therapy.
Object relations: A psychoanalytic theory that individuals relate to others in their lives based on their experiences with primary caregivers.
Psychoanalytic therapy: A therapeutic method based on the principles of psychoanalysis, often meaning an open-ended process of exploration of unconscious thoughts and feelings.
Dream analysis: A method used in psychoanalytic therapy that explores the unconscious mind by examining the content of a patient's dreams.
Free association: A technique used in psychoanalytic therapy where the patient is asked to talk about whatever comes to mind, allowing for unconscious thoughts to surface.
Catharsis: A release of emotions or tension, often achieved through the process of psychoanalytic therapy.
Ego psychology: A psychoanalytic approach that emphasizes the role of the ego in navigating the external world and managing internal conflicts.
Object relations theory: A psychoanalytic theory that examines how people relate to and derive meaning from their relationships and interactions with others.
Self psychology: A psychoanalytic theory that focuses on the role of self-image and self-esteem in personality development.
Attachment theory: A psychological theory that explores the nature of attachment in early childhood and its impact on adult relationships.
Person-centered therapy: A therapy approach that emphasizes active listening, empathy, and nonjudgmental acceptance.
Gestalt therapy: A psychotherapeutic approach that focuses on self-awareness and personal responsibility, emphasizing the integration of the mind and body.
Existential psychology: A philosophical and psychological approach that explores the nature of human existence and the meaning of life.
Analytical psychology: Carl Jung's approach to psychoanalysis that emphasizes the integration of the personal and collective unconscious, as well as the importance of spirituality and creativity.
Freudian Psychoanalytic Theory: Focuses on the theory of the unconscious, the id, ego, and superego, repression, and defense mechanisms. It is a theory that suggests that past experiences and unconscious mental activity shape our behaviors, emotions, and beliefs.
Jungian Analytic Theory: Developed by Carl Jung, this theory focuses on the collective unconscious, archetypes, individuation, and the four psychological functions, thinking, feeling, sensation, and intuition.
Object Relations Theory: This theory emphasizes the importance of early relationships and bonds between the infant and caregivers as shaping later personality development.
Self-Psychology: A branch of psychoanalytic theory that focuses on the importance of the self and feeling good about oneself in personality development, with a special focus on the relationship between the self and the parents or caregivers.
Lacanian Psychoanalysis: The theory developed by Jacques Lacan focuses on linguistic and symbolic communication systems and the role of language in shaping human experience, behavior, and subjectivity.
Adlerian Psychology: Developed by Alfred Adler, this theory emphasizes the importance of social factors and the importance of striving for superiority or success in shaping personality development.
Object-Relations Attachment Theory: A theory that integrates the teachings of object-relations theory with the importance of healthy attachment patterns in personality development.
"The assumption that there are unconscious mental processes, the recognition of the theory of repression and resistance, the appreciation of the importance of sexuality and of the Oedipus complex."
"Freud's colleagues Alfred Adler and Carl Gustav Jung developed offshoots of psychoanalysis..."
"Freud distinguished between the conscious and the unconscious mind, arguing that the unconscious mind largely determines behaviour and cognition owing to unconscious drives."
"Freud observed that attempts to bring such drives into awareness triggers resistance in the form of defense mechanisms, particularly repression..."
"He also postulated that unconscious material can be found in dreams and unintentional acts, including mannerisms and Freudian slips."
"Psychoanalytic therapy, or simply analytical therapy, developed as a means to improve mental health by bringing unconscious material into consciousness."
"...a psychoanalyst aims to induce transference, whereby patients relive their infantile conflicts by projecting onto the analyst feelings of love, dependence, and anger."
"During psychoanalytic sessions, a patient traditionally lies on a couch, and an analyst sits just behind and out of sight."
"The patient expresses their thoughts, including free associations, fantasies, and dreams..."
"...from which the analyst infers the unconscious conflicts causing the patient's symptoms and character problems."
"...the analyst confronts the patient's pathological defence mechanisms to help patients understand themselves better."
"Psychoanalysis is a controversial discipline..."
"...its effectiveness as a treatment has been contested..."
"Psychoanalytic concepts are also widely used outside the therapeutic arena, in areas such as psychoanalytic literary criticism and film criticism..."
"...analysis of fairy tales..."
"Philosophical perspectives such as Freudo-Marxism..."
"Psychoanalysis was later developed in different directions by neo-Freudian thinkers, such as Erich Fromm, Karen Horney, and Harry Stack Sullivan."
"Freud himself wrote a number of criticisms of them and emphatically denied that they were forms of psychoanalysis."
"...psychoanalytic literary criticism and film criticism, analysis of fairy tales, philosophical perspectives..."