"Most personality assessment instruments (despite being loosely referred to as 'personality tests') are in fact introspective (i.e., subjective) self-report questionnaire (Q-data, in terms of LOTS data) measures or reports from life records (L-data) such as rating scales."
Development and use of various methods of evaluating personality, such as questionnaires, observation, and interviews.
Trait theory: A theory that focuses on identifying and describing the underlying traits that make up an individual's personality, such as openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
Humanistic theory: A theory that emphasizes the importance of personal growth, self-awareness, and self-actualization in the development of personality.
Psychodynamic theory: A theory that looks at the unconscious, childhood experiences, and the relationship between the id, ego, and superego in shaping personality.
Social learning theory: A theory that looks at how behavior is shaped by environmental factors and social interactions.
Cognitive theory: A theory that focuses on the role of thought processes and beliefs in shaping behavior and personality.
Behavioral theory: A theory that focuses on the role of conditioning and reinforcement in shaping behavior and personality.
Personality assessment tools: Methods and techniques used to measure personality, such as personality questionnaires, projective tests, and behavioral observations.
Reliability and validity of personality assessment: The extent to which personality assessment tools are consistent and accurate in measuring personality traits.
Multiculturalism and diversity: The ways in which cultural differences impact personality assessment and how to ensure fair and accurate assessment across different cultures and identities.
Personality disorders: Maladaptive patterns of behavior that deviate from cultural norms and cause significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning.
Personality and mental health: How personality traits influence the development and treatment of mental health disorders.
Personality and relationships: The ways in which personality traits impact communication, conflict resolution, intimacy, and other aspects of interpersonal relationships.
Trait vs. state theories of personality: The difference between stable and enduring traits versus temporary and situation-specific states of personality.
Personality development across the lifespan: How personality changes and develops over time, from infancy to adulthood, and into old age.
Evolutionary psychology and personality: How factors such as survival, adaptation, and reproduction have influenced the development of personality over time.
Positive psychology and personality: The study of positive personality traits and how they contribute to well-being, happiness, and resilience.
Occupational and organizational psychology: The ways in which personality traits impact job performance, leadership, and organizational culture.
Self-Report Questionnaires: These are a type of personality assessment that typically consists of a list of questions that ask individuals to rate their own personality traits and characteristics.
Projective Tests: These assessments are designed to be more open-ended and ambiguous, requiring individuals to interpret and respond to various stimuli, such as pictures or inkblots.
Behavioral Observation and Ratings: These assessments are based on the direct observation of an individual’s behavior, either in a natural setting or during an experimental task.
Interviews: These assessments involve more in-depth conversations between the interviewer and the interviewee, with a focus on exploring the individual’s personality, attitudes, and experiences.
Neuroimaging: These assessments use brain imaging techniques such as fMRI or EEG to measure brain activity and identify patterns associated with different personality traits.
Biographical Data: These assessments collect information about an individual’s life experiences and history, such as their past achievements, challenges, or significant events.
Peer Ratings: These assessments involve collecting feedback from close contacts or acquaintances of an individual, providing insight into how others perceive their personality and behavior.
Interest Inventories: These assessments measure an individual’s preferences, hobbies, and interests, providing insight into their motivation and values.
Personality Disorder Diagnosis: These assessments are used to diagnose specific personality disorders, such as Borderline Personality Disorder or Antisocial Personality Disorder.
Clinical Observation and Assessment: These assessments are conducted by clinicians trained in assessing personality, and typically involve a comprehensive evaluation of an individual’s symptoms, problems, and overall functioning.
"Raymond Cattell with his colleague Frank Warburton compiled a list of over 2000 separate objective tests that could be used in constructing objective personality tests."
"A major problem with both L-data and Q-data methods is that because of item transparency, rating scales and self-report questionnaires are highly susceptible to motivational and response distortion."
"The first personality assessment measures were developed in the 1920s and were intended to ease the process of personnel selection, particularly in the armed forces."
"...the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF), the Comrey Personality Scales (CPS), among many others."
"Personality assessment is used in a wide range of contexts, including individual and relationship counseling, clinical psychology, forensic psychology, school psychology, career counseling, employment testing, occupational health and safety, and customer relationship management."
"Although popular especially among personnel consultants, the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) has numerous psychometric deficiencies."
"More recently, a number of instruments based on the Five Factor Model of personality have been constructed, such as the Revised NEO Personality Inventory."
"Estimates of how much the personality assessment industry in the US is worth range anywhere from $2 and $4 billion a year (as of 2013)."
"The first personality assessment measures were developed in the 1920s and were intended to ease the process of personnel selection, particularly in the armed forces."
"One exception, however, was the Objective-Analytic Test Battery, a performance test designed to quantitatively measure 10 factor-analytically discerned personality trait dimensions."
"...ranging all the way from lack of adequate self-insight (or biased perceptions of others) to downright dissimulation (faking good/faking bad) depending on the reason/motivation for the assessment being undertaken."
"Estimates of how much the personality assessment industry in the US is worth range anywhere from $2 and $4 billion a year (as of 2013)."
"...including individual and relationship counseling, clinical psychology, forensic psychology, school psychology, career counseling, employment testing, occupational health and safety, and customer relationship management."
"The Big Five and related Five Factor Model have been challenged for accounting for less than two-thirds of the known trait variance in the normal personality sphere alone."
"The first personality assessment measures were developed in the 1920s and were intended to ease the process of personnel selection, particularly in the armed forces."
"...such as the Revised NEO Personality Inventory."
"Although popular especially among personnel consultants, the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) has numerous psychometric deficiencies."
"...because of item transparency, rating scales and self-report questionnaires are highly susceptible to motivational and response distortion."
"Raymond Cattell with his colleague Frank Warburton compiled a list of over 2000 separate objective tests that could be used in constructing objective personality tests."