"Perception is the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information in order to represent and understand the presented information or environment."
The sensory processes that enable us to experience the environment around us.
Sensation: Sensation refers to the detection of external stimuli, such as light or sound waves, by our sensory organs, which then transmit that information to the brain.
Attention: Attention is the process of focusing on specific stimuli or aspects of the environment while ignoring others.
Perception: Perception involves the interpretive process of processing sensory information received from the environment and transforming it into meaningful representations.
Gestalt psychology: Gestalt psychology is a school of thought that focuses on the way people perceive their environment as organized wholes rather than simply the sum of their individual parts.
Bottom-up processing: Bottom-up processing occurs when sensory information is analyzed and assembled into meaningful patterns, starting with basic sensory features and working its way up to higher-level interpretation.
Top-down processing: Top-down processing occurs when higher-level knowledge, expectations, and context are used to influence the way sensory information is interpreted.
Vision: Vision is the process by which light enters the eyes and is converted into neural signals that the brain can interpret as visual images.
Auditory perception: Auditory perception is the process by which sound waves are detected, transduced into neural signals, and interpreted by the brain.
Psychophysics: Psychophysics is the study of the relationship between physical stimuli and the psychological experience of those stimuli.
Perception and action: Perception and action refer to the way that perception and action are closely linked and mutually influences, with perception guiding action and action providing feedback for perception.
Visual Perception: The ability to process, organize, and interpret visual information that is received through the eyes.
Auditory Perception: The ability to perceive and interpret sound waves received through the ears, including pitch, loudness, and timbre.
Tactile Perception: The ability to perceive and interpret physical sensations, such as touch, pressure, and pain.
Gustatory Perception: The ability to perceive and interpret tastes, such as sweet, sour, salty, and bitter.
Olfactory Perception: The ability to perceive and interpret odors and scents.
Proprioceptive Perception: The ability to perceive the position and movement of different parts of one's own body.
Vestibular Perception: The ability to perceive and interpret information about balance, motion, and spatial orientation from the inner ear.
Pain Perception: The ability to perceive and interpret pain sensations.
Time Perception: The ability to perceive and interpret the duration and sequence of events.
Depth Perception: The ability to perceive and interpret the distance of objects in relation to oneself.
Spatial Perception: The ability to perceive and interpret spatial relationships between objects and oneself.
Cognitive Perception: The ability to perceive and interpret information from abstract or symbolic sources, such as language or mathematics.
Social Perception: The ability to perceive and interpret social cues and nonverbal communication from others.
"All perception involves signals that go through the nervous system, which in turn result from physical or chemical stimulation of the sensory system."
"Vision involves light striking the retina of the eye."
"Smell is mediated by odor molecules."
"Hearing involves pressure waves."
"Perception is not only the passive receipt of these signals, but it is also shaped by the recipient's learning, memory, expectation, and attention."
"Sensory input is a process that transforms this low-level information to higher-level information (e.g., extracts shapes for object recognition)."
"A person's concepts and expectations (or knowledge), restorative and selective mechanisms (such as attention) influence perception."
"Perception depends on complex functions of the nervous system, but subjectively seems mostly effortless because this processing happens outside conscious awareness."
"Since the rise of experimental psychology in the 19th century, psychology's understanding of perception has progressed by combining a variety of techniques."
"Psychophysics quantitatively describes the relationships between the physical qualities of the sensory input and perception."
"Sensory neuroscience studies the neural mechanisms underlying perception."
"Perceptual systems can also be studied computationally, in terms of the information they process."
"Perceptual issues in philosophy include the extent to which sensory qualities such as sound, smell, or color exist in objective reality rather than in the mind of the perceiver."
"There is still active debate about the extent to which perception is an active process of hypothesis testing, analogous to science, or whether realistic sensory information is rich enough to make this process unnecessary."
"The perceptual systems of the brain enable individuals to see the world around them as stable, even though the sensory information is typically incomplete and rapidly varying."
"Human and other animal brains are structured in a modular way, with different areas processing different kinds of sensory information."
"These different modules are interconnected and influence each other."
"For instance, taste is strongly influenced by smell."
"The study of illusions and ambiguous images has demonstrated that the brain's perceptual systems actively and pre-consciously attempt to make sense of their input."