"A drive theory, theory of drives or drive doctrine is a theory that attempts to analyze, classify or define the psychological drives."
Theory explaining that human behavior is motivated by the need to reduce physiological drives, such as hunger and thirst.
Basic principles of drive reduction theory: The theory suggests that humans are motivated by an innate desire to maintain a state of physiological equilibrium or homeostasis.
Primary drives: These are basic biological needs such as thirst, hunger, and sex, which motivate behavior aimed at satisfying them.
Secondary drives: These are learned drives that are associated with primary drives, such as a desire for money to satisfy hunger or thirst.
Incentives: Environmental stimuli that motivate behavior by providing rewards, such as food or money.
Voluntary and involuntary behavior: Voluntary behavior is driven by conscious awareness of a need, while involuntary behavior is driven by unconscious biological impulses.
Goal orientation: People are motivated to approach certain goals and avoid others.
Motivation and emotion: Emotions are considered to be the result of the activation of the reward centers in the brain, which are also involved in motivation.
Homeostasis: Drive reduction theory is based on the principle of homeostasis, which refers to the maintenance of a constant physiological state.
Instincts: Instincts are innate biological tendencies that drive behavior.
Operant conditioning: The theory suggests that behavior is reinforced and strengthened by positive outcomes, such as rewards, and diminished by negative outcomes, such as punishment.
Evolutionary theory: Drive reduction theory is consistent with evolutionary theory, which suggests that behaviors that help individuals survive and reproduce are more likely to be passed on to future generations.
Arousal theory: Arousal theory suggests that people are motivated to achieve an optimal level of stimulation or arousal, which can vary from person to person.
Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: Intrinsic motivation refers to behavior that is driven by internal factors such as curiosity or enjoyment, while extrinsic motivation is driven by external factors such as rewards or recognition.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs: Maslow's theory suggests that human needs are arranged in a hierarchy, with basic physiological needs at the bottom and higher-level needs such as self-actualization at the top.
Self-determination theory: This theory suggests that people are motivated by a desire for autonomy, competence, and relatedness.
Social learning theory: The theory suggests that motivation can be influenced by observing the behavior of others and by receiving feedback and reinforcement from others.
Implicit and explicit motives: Implicit motives are unconscious motives that drive behavior, while explicit motives are conscious motives that can be expressed verbally.
Cognitive dissonance: The theory suggests that people are motivated to reduce the discomfort or dissonance caused by conflicting beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors.
Need for achievement, affiliation, and power: These are three basic motives that drive human behavior, according to theories of motivation.
Self-efficacy: This concept refers to a person's belief in their ability to succeed in a particular task, which can influence their motivation to pursue it.
"A drive is an instinctual need that has the power of driving the behavior of an individual; an 'excitatory state produced by a homeostatic disturbance'."
"A negative state of tension is created when these needs are not satisfied."
"When a need is satisfied, drive is reduced and the organism returns to a state of homeostasis and relaxation."
"Drive tends to increase over time and operates on a feedback control system, much like a thermostat."
"In 1943 two psychologists, Clark Hull and Kenneth Spence, put forward a drive theory as an explanation of all behavior."
"The aim of Hull's study was to determine the effects of different food deprivation intervals on the rats' behavior in a maze."
"Group A was given food after three hours and group B was given food after twenty-two hours."
"Hull had decided that the rats that were deprived of food longer would be more likely to develop a habit of going down the same path to obtain food."
"The rats that were deprived of food longer were more likely to develop a habit of going down the same path to obtain food."
"Hull's study aimed to provide support for the drive theory by demonstrating the influence of food deprivation on behavior in a controlled setting."
"The main principle of drive theory is that organisms are born with certain psychological needs."
"A drive is defined as an instinctual need that has the power to drive an individual's behavior."
"A negative state of tension is created when psychological needs are not satisfied."
"When a need is satisfied, drive is reduced, and the organism returns to a state of homeostasis and relaxation."
"Drive tends to increase over time and operates on a feedback control system, much like a thermostat."
"Drive theory operates on a feedback control system, much like a thermostat."
"A drive theory study analyzes, classifies, or defines the psychological drives."
"Clark Hull and Kenneth Spence proposed a drive theory as an explanation of all behavior."
"Drive theory suggests that behavior is driven by instinctual needs, and a negative state of tension arises when these needs are not satisfied."