Encoding

Sensory memory: The initial, temporary storage of sensory information in the brain.

Short-term memory: The temporary storage and manipulation of information for immediate use.

Long-term memory: The permanent storage of information that can be retrieved at a later time.

Encoding: The process by which information is transferred from sensory or short-term memory to long-term memory.

Automatic processing: Encoding that occurs without conscious effort and does not require attention.

Effortful processing: Encoding that requires conscious effort and attention.

Rehearsal: The act of consciously repeating or reviewing information in order to encode it into long-term memory.

Spacing effect: The observation that information is better remembered when it is presented and reviewed over a longer period of time.

Primacy effect: The tendency to remember items presented early in a list better than those presented later.

Recency effect: The tendency to remember items presented later in a list better than those presented earlier.

Chunking: The process of grouping information together in order to facilitate encoding and retrieval.

Elaboration: The process of relating new information to existing knowledge and developing more complex mental models.

Imagery: The use of visual or sensory cues to aid encoding and retrieval.

Mnemonics: Techniques used to enhance memory, such as acronyms or memory aids.

Levels of processing: The idea that memory is better when information is processed at a deeper level, such as relating it to personal experiences or emotions.

Visual Encoding: This type of encoding is the process of converting visual information into a form that can be stored in the memory.

Acoustic Encoding: In this type of encoding, the auditory information is encoded into memory. It helps remember things such as music, conversations, and telephone numbers.

Semantic Encoding: Semantic encoding is the encoding of meaning of information rather than its visual or auditory presence. It helps retain the meaning of ideas and concepts.

Structural Encoding: This encoding is concerned with the structure of the information such as shapes, textures, and patterns.

Elaborative Rehearsal Encoding: It is a type of encoding that creates a meaningful connection between new information and the existing memory in the storage. It ensures more extended retention of the encoded information.

Mnemonic Encoding: It is the process of encoding information using various memory-enhancing techniques like acronyms, rhymes, and mental images.

Context Encoding: This type of encoding is based on the association of a physical environment, emotions, and location with memory. It usually helps one remember significant events or experiences.

Episodic Encoding: It is a type of encoding that specifically deals with events, experiences, and episodes that one has personally experienced. It is used to recall specific times and places of personal significance.

Procedural Encoding: Procedural encoding is associated with motor skills, muscle memory and procedural steps. For example, learning to ride a bike or drive a car.

Incidental Encoding: It occurs when a person encodes information but does not intentionally try to remember it. This type of encoding often occurs on a subconscious level.

Repetition Encoding: It is a memory technique where one remembers something by repeating it multiple times.

Emotional Encoding: It involves the association of emotions or feelings with encoded information. Information with emotional resonance tends to be remembered better.

Spatial Encoding: Spatial encoding refers to encoding the location or position of an object or item in physical space, which plays an important role in remembering where things are located.

Motor Encoding: It is the process of encoding simple motor activities in memory. It is different from procedural encoding because it is related to simple patterns of movement based on sequences and specific motor responses.

Deep Encoding: It is the process of associating new information with pre-existing knowledge, hence encoding them deeply, based on context or meaning.