"Psychoanalysis was established in the early 1890s by Sigmund Freud..."
Psychoanalytic theory, developed by Sigmund Freud, emphasized the role of the unconscious mind and childhood experiences in shaping human behavior.
Sigmund Freud: A study of the life, works, and theories of the founding father of psychoanalytic theory.
Carl Jung: A study of the life, works, and theories of Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who founded analytical psychology.
Alfred Adler: A study of the life, works, and theories of the Austrian medical doctor, psychotherapist, and founder of Individual Psychology.
Erik Erikson: A study of the life, works, and theories of the German-born American developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst.
Karen Horney: A study of the life, works, and theories of the German psychoanalyst and feminist who developed a feminine psychology.
Melanie Klein: A study of the life, works, and theories of the Austrian-British psychoanalyst who developed Object Relations Theory.
Jacques Lacan: A study of the life, works, and theories of the French psychoanalyst who developed the Lacanian psychoanalytic theory.
Anna Freud: A study of the life, works, and theories of the Austrian-English psychoanalyst and successor of Sigmund Freud, who developed the theory of child analysis.
Object Relations Theory: A theory that explains how early relationships and attachment patterns affect personality development and interpersonal relationships.
Dreams: A psychoanalytic tool that helps in uncovering the unconscious mind.
Oedipus Complex: A psychoanalytic theory that explains a child's love for their opposite-sex parent and competitive feelings towards the same-sex parent.
Consciousness: An essential concept in psychoanalytic theory that refers to the awareness of one's thoughts, feelings, and experiences.
Unconsciousness: The part of the psyche where memories, feelings, and experiences that are not currently in awareness are stored.
Defense mechanisms: The unconscious strategies people use to protect themselves from anxiety and psychological stress.
Pleasure Principle: The drive that motivates human behavior towards seeking pleasure and avoiding discomfort.
Reality Principle: The drive that modifies human behavior to come into conformity with reality.
Id, Ego, and Superego: The three parts of the human psyche, according to Freud's psychoanalytic theory.
Transference and Countertransference: A psychoanalytic technique that describes the patient's transfer of unresolved feelings and desires onto the analyst and the analyst's counter-transference onto the patient.
Psychosexual Stages of Development: The stages of psychosexual development that a child goes through from birth to adolescence, according to Freudian psychoanalytic theory.
Psychic Energy: The force that drives human behavior and is responsible for the mental processes of perception, cognition, and emotion.
Classical Psychoanalytic Theory: This is the original theory developed by Sigmund Freud in the late 19th and early 20th century. It emphasizes the importance of the unconscious mind and early childhood experiences in shaping an individual's personality and behavior.
Ego Psychology: This theory emphasizes the role of the ego in shaping an individual's personality and behavior, rather than the id and superego. It focuses on the adaptive and defensive functions of the ego.
Object Relations Theory: This theory emphasizes the importance of interpersonal relationships and attachment in shaping an individual's personality and behavior. It emphasizes how an individual's internalized experiences of others (objects) influence their sense of self and relationships with others.
Self Psychology: This theory emphasizes the importance of the self and self-esteem in shaping an individual's personality and behavior. It focuses on how the self is formed through relationships with others, and how disruptions in those relationships can lead to psychological problems.
Relational Psychoanalysis: This theory emphasizes the importance of the therapeutic relationship in psychoanalysis, and how it shapes the individual's experience of themselves and their relationships with others. It emphasizes the mutual influence between patient and therapist.
Lacanian Psychoanalysis: This theory emphasizes the role of language and meaning-making in shaping an individual's experience of themselves and the world. It focuses on the relationship between the individual and the symbolic order, and how this shapes their subjectivity.
Jungian Psychoanalysis: This theory emphasizes the importance of the collective unconscious and archetypes in shaping an individual's personality and behavior. It focuses on the individual's quest for wholeness and integration.
Objectivist Psychoanalysis: This theory emphasizes the importance of the external world in shaping an individual's personality and behavior, rather than the internal conflicts of the psyche. It focuses on how the individual's interaction with the world shapes their sense of self.
Winnicottian Psychoanalysis: This theory emphasizes the importance of play and creativity in shaping an individual's personality and behavior. It focuses on how the individual's experience of spontaneity and playfulness can be used in psychotherapy to promote growth and change.
"The assumption that there are unconscious mental processes, the recognition of the theory of repression and resistance, the appreciation of the importance of sexuality and of the Oedipus complex."
"Freud's colleagues Alfred Adler and Carl Gustav Jung developed offshoots of psychoanalysis..."
"Freud distinguished between the conscious and the unconscious mind, arguing that the unconscious mind largely determines behaviour and cognition owing to unconscious drives."
"Freud observed that attempts to bring such drives into awareness triggers resistance in the form of defense mechanisms, particularly repression..."
"He also postulated that unconscious material can be found in dreams and unintentional acts, including mannerisms and Freudian slips."
"Psychoanalytic therapy, or simply analytical therapy, developed as a means to improve mental health by bringing unconscious material into consciousness."
"...a psychoanalyst aims to induce transference, whereby patients relive their infantile conflicts by projecting onto the analyst feelings of love, dependence, and anger."
"During psychoanalytic sessions, a patient traditionally lies on a couch, and an analyst sits just behind and out of sight."
"The patient expresses their thoughts, including free associations, fantasies, and dreams..."
"...from which the analyst infers the unconscious conflicts causing the patient's symptoms and character problems."
"...the analyst confronts the patient's pathological defence mechanisms to help patients understand themselves better."
"Psychoanalysis is a controversial discipline..."
"...its effectiveness as a treatment has been contested..."
"Psychoanalytic concepts are also widely used outside the therapeutic arena, in areas such as psychoanalytic literary criticism and film criticism..."
"...analysis of fairy tales..."
"Philosophical perspectives such as Freudo-Marxism..."
"Psychoanalysis was later developed in different directions by neo-Freudian thinkers, such as Erich Fromm, Karen Horney, and Harry Stack Sullivan."
"Freud himself wrote a number of criticisms of them and emphatically denied that they were forms of psychoanalysis."
"...psychoanalytic literary criticism and film criticism, analysis of fairy tales, philosophical perspectives..."