"In sociology, socialization or socialisation (see spelling differences) is the process of internalizing the norms and ideologies of society."
The process by which individuals learn the norms, values, and behaviors associated with their gender through social interactions and cultural messages.
Gender roles: The expectations, behaviors, and attitudes that are associated with being male or female in a particular culture.
Gender identity: A person's subjective sense of being male, female, or somewhere in between.
Gender stereotypes: Preconceived ideas about the roles, behaviors, and characteristics of men and women that are often inaccurate or oversimplified.
Gender differences in cognition: Research on cognitive differences between males and females, including memory, spatial abilities, and verbal fluency.
Gender and language: The ways in which language reinforces gender roles and stereotypes, and how gendered language affects communication.
Gender and sexuality: The relationship between gender identity and sexual orientation, and how gender norms and expectations can influence sexual behavior.
Gender and socialization: The ways in which parents, peers, media, and other social influences shape children's gender identity, attitudes, and behaviors.
Gender and aggression: The gender differences in aggressive behavior, including physical and verbal aggression, and the contextual factors that influence aggressive behavior.
Gender and mental health: The ways in which gender roles and stereotypes contribute to mental health issues and affect the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness.
Intersectionality: The intersection of gender with other identities such as race, class, and sexual orientation, and how these intersections affect individuals' experiences and opportunities.
Masculinity: The norms and expectations associated with being male, including the pressure to conform to traditional ideas of masculinity and the negative effects of toxic masculinity.
Femininity: The norms and expectations associated with being female, including the pressure to conform to traditional ideas of femininity and the negative effects of gendered expectations.
Gender and work: The ways in which gender roles, stereotypes, and bias affect career choices, promotion and advancement opportunities, job satisfaction, and work-life balance.
Gender and politics: The under-representation of women in government and politics, gendered issues in policy-making, and the ways in which gender roles affect political behavior and decision-making.
Gender and globalization: The global spread of Western gender norms and the impacts on non-Western cultures and gender identities.
Gender and education: The ways in which gender affects educational opportunities, achievement, and the socialization that occurs in educational settings.
Gender and health: The ways in which gender affects health outcomes and disparities, including the role of gender stereotypes and expectations in medical treatment.
Gender and violence: The gendered nature of violence, including the prevalence of gender-based violence and the effects of toxic masculinity on violent behavior.
Gender and media: The ways in which media portrayals of gender contribute to gender roles, stereotypes, and expectations, and how these representations can be challenged and changed.
Gender and social justice: The ways in which gender norms, stereotypes, and expectations intersect with issues of social justice, including efforts to address gender inequality and promote gender equity.
Parental socialization: Parental socialization refers to the ways in which parents teach their children about gender roles, behaviors, and expectations from an early age.
Peer socialization: As children grow up, they tend to develop close relationships with peers of the same gender. Peer socialization refers to the ways in which children learn about gender roles and behaviors from their same-gender friends.
Media socialization: The media plays an influential role in influencing people's perceptions of gender. Media socialization refers to the ways in which people learn about gender roles and behaviors from media sources such as TV, movies, social media, and advertising.
School socialization: Schools are often sites of gender socialization, as they provide opportunities to learn about gender roles and behaviors through interactions with teachers, classmates, and the school environment.
Religious socialization: Religious institutions, like schools, can be sites of gender socialization. Religious teachings may have implications for the expectations around gender roles and behaviors.
Cultural socialization: Gender roles and expectations vary across cultures, and cultural socialization refers to the ways in which society's culture influences individuals' ideas of gender roles and behaviors.
Occupational socialization: Workplaces are another area where gender socialization happens. Different work sectors are likely to reinforce particular types of gender roles and behaviors, such as masculine norms in construction or feminine norms in nursing.
Self-socialization: Lastly, individuals can be quite autonomous in their process of gender socialization. Self-socialization refers to individuals learning about gender roles and behaviors through their own observations and personal experiences.
"Socialization encompasses both learning and teaching..."
"Socialization is strongly connected to developmental psychology. Humans need social experiences to learn their culture and to survive."
"Socialization essentially represents the whole process of learning throughout the life course and is a central influence on the behavior, beliefs, and actions of adults as well as of children."
"Socialization may lead to desirable outcomes—sometimes labeled 'moral'—as regards the society where it occurs."
"Individual views are influenced by the society's consensus and usually tend toward what that society finds acceptable or 'normal'."
"Socialization provides only a partial explanation for human beliefs and behaviors, maintaining that agents are not blank slates predetermined by their environment..."
"Scientific research provides evidence that people are shaped by both social influences and genes."
"Genetic studies have shown that a person's environment interacts with their genotype to influence behavioral outcomes."
"Socialization is the means by which social and cultural continuity are attained."
"Socialization is a central influence on the behavior, beliefs, and actions of adults as well as of children."
"Socialization essentially represents the whole process of learning throughout the life course..."
"Socialization may lead to desirable outcomes—sometimes labeled 'moral'—as regards the society where it occurs."
"Humans need social experiences to learn their culture and to survive."
"Socialization provides only a partial explanation for human beliefs and behaviors..."
"Scientific research provides evidence that people are shaped by both social influences and genes."
"Genetic studies have shown that a person's environment interacts with their genotype to influence behavioral outcomes."
"In sociology, socialization or socialisation (see spelling differences) is the process of internalizing the norms and ideologies of society."
"Socialization is strongly connected to developmental psychology."
"Humans need social experiences to learn their culture and to survive."