- "Measurement is the quantification of attributes of an object or event, which can be used to compare with other objects or events."
The process of assigning numbers or scores to represent certain attributes or qualities such as attitudes, emotions, or behaviors.
Variables: Understanding what variables are and the different types of variables is crucial in experimental psychology.
Measurement scales: Knowing the different types of measurement scales will help you choose the most appropriate method for measuring variables.
Reliability: Reliability refers to the consistency and stability of a measurement. Understanding different methods to test reliability is important.
Validity: Validity concerns the accuracy of a measurement and whether it measures what it’s supposed to. It’s important to know how to test validity.
Sampling: Knowing how to select participants or items that will be used for the study is important for drawing valid conclusions from the study.
Experimental designs: Understanding the different designs used in experiments such as within-subject designs or between-subject designs can help you set up your experiment.
Descriptive statistics: These statistics help to summarize data, for example measures of central tendency like mean, median or mode.
Inferential statistics: These statistics help you to determine whether results from a study are statistically significant or not.
Correlation and regression: These statistical analyses are useful for examining the relationship between variables.
Sampling distribution: Understanding the sampling distribution is important when analyzing data from a study.
Hypothesis testing: Hypothesis testing is the process of comparing two hypotheses to determine which is more likely to be true.
Power analysis: Power analysis is used to determine the sample size necessary to detect a specific effect size.
Standard deviation: Standard deviation is a measure of how much variation or dispersion there is in a set of data.
Confidence intervals: Confidence intervals are used to estimate the precision of a sample statistic.
Ethics: Ethics in research is important to consider when conducting experiments on human or animal subjects.
Self-Report Measures: A method that involves asking participants to give responses to questions and statements about their cognitions, feelings, behaviour, or experiences.
Behavioural Measures: Objective measures that assess the behaviour of a participant, e.g., reaction time tasks, psychomotor tasks, etc.
Performance Measures: Assessing performance on tasks that require participants to complete them e.g., a memory task or problem-solving task.
Physiological Measures: Measure of biological processes, e.g., heart rate, blood pressure, cortisol levels or brain activity measures such as EEG, fMRI.
Observational Measures: A behavioral assessment that involves observing the actions of the participant in certain situations and recording them.
Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA): This method asks participants to respond in real-time to psychological constructs like mood, stress, or behaviour using mobile devices (e.g., smartphones).
Neuroimaging Measures: This method involves measuring changes in the activity of the brain, usually through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
Archival Record Measures: Analysis of existing documents or other pre-existing information.
Open-Ended Measures: Measures that allow participants to provide narrative responses.
Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC): A statistical method used to examine relationships between latent variables and observed variables.
Standardized Tests: Assessment of participants' abilities or skills through standardized tests that compare their results to a normative sample of other individuals who have taken the same test.
Experience Sampling Method (ESM): A method used to collect in-the-moment data from participants throughout their day.
Physiological Activity Measures: The measure of biological responses related to emotions or behaviours, e.g., skin conduct, eye tracking.
Implicit Measures: Measures that don't rely on self-report but instead, show bias or cognitive preferences, e.g., the Implicit Association Test.
Eye Tracking Measures: Measures that track eye movements during tasks, such as reading or viewing images.
Social Network Analysis: Measurement of social support, influence, or organisation.
- "Measurement is a process of determining how large or small a physical quantity is as compared to a basic reference quantity of the same kind."
- "The scope and application of measurement are dependent on the context and discipline."
- "In natural sciences and engineering, measurements do not apply to nominal properties of objects or events."
- "Measurements can have multiple levels, which would include nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales."
- "Measurement is a cornerstone of trade, science, technology, and quantitative research in many disciplines."
- "Often these were achieved by local agreements between trading partners or collaborators."
- "Since the 18th century, developments progressed towards unifying, widely accepted standards that resulted in the modern International System of Units (SI)."
- "This system reduces all physical measurements to a mathematical combination of seven base units."
- "The science of measurement is pursued in the field of metrology."
- "Measurement is defined as the process of comparison of an unknown quantity with a known or standard quantity."
- "Measurement is the quantification of attributes of an object or event, which can be used to compare with other objects or events."
- "Measurement is a process of determining how large or small a physical quantity is as compared to a basic reference quantity of the same kind."
- "In natural sciences and engineering, measurements do not apply to nominal properties of objects or events."
- "Measurements can have multiple levels, which would include nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales."
- "Measurement is a cornerstone of trade, science, technology, and quantitative research in many disciplines."
- "Often these were achieved by local agreements between trading partners or collaborators."
- "Since the 18th century, developments progressed towards unifying, widely accepted standards that resulted in the modern International System of Units (SI)."
- "The science of measurement is pursued in the field of metrology."
- "Measurement is defined as the process of comparison of an unknown quantity with a known or standard quantity."