"Cognitive psychology is the scientific study of mental processes such as attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and reasoning."
The processes involved in thinking, reasoning, problem-solving, and remembering, including attention, perception, categorization, learning, and memory.
Cognitive psychology: Deals with the study of mental processes such as attention, perception, memory, problem-solving, and language.
Memory models: These explain how memories are formed, stored, and retrieved. They include the multi-store model, working memory model, and the levels of processing model.
Sensory memory: This is the first stage of memory and it involves the temporary storage of information through vision, hearing, touch, taste, and smell.
Short-term memory: Also known as working memory, this is the second memory stage where information is held temporarily for processing.
Long-term memory: This is the third memory stage and involves the permanent storage of information, including semantic, episodic and procedural memories.
Encoding: This is the process of transforming information into a form that can be stored in memory.
Retrieval: This is the process of accessing stored memories from long-term memory.
Attention: This refers to the ability to select relevant information and ignore irrelevant information.
Perception: This is the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information.
Learning: This refers to the acquisition of new knowledge and skills.
Metacognition: This refers to the ability to monitor one's own cognitive processes and to regulate one's own learning.
Cognitive development: This is the study of how children acquire and develop cognitive abilities and the role of experience in this process.
Neuropsychology: This is the study of the relationship between the brain and behavior, including how damage to specific brain areas can affect cognition and memory.
Aging and memory: This is the study of how memory changes with age and how to maintain good memory performance over time.
Mnemonics: These are techniques used to enhance memory performance, such as the method of loci, keyword method, and acronyms.
Attention deficits and memory impairments: These are common issues that can affect memory function, and are often associated with ADHD, TBI and other conditions.
Cognitive psychology and education: This is the study of how cognitive psychology can be applied to improve educational outcomes, such as effective teaching strategies, student motivation, and academic achievement.
Sensory-memory: It is the ability to hold sensory inputs (visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, and touch) for a very brief period (seconds). For instance, the sensation of a hot cup of tea touching the hand.
Short-term memory: STM is the ability to hold information for a brief (typically less than a minute) period in conscious awareness. This type of memory storage commonly works with sensory memory and helps in more extended retention of learned information.
Long-term memory: LTM is the ability to retain information over a more extended period, ranging from hours to years. Information stored in LTM can be explicitly recalled and utilized to solve problems, make decisions, among others.
Working memory: WM is the ability to retain and manipulate information over a short period. This type of memory can be applied in problem-solving, decision-making, and comprehension.
Episodic memory: This is a subtype of long-term memory that stores information about particular events, mental representations of individual experiences, and contexts of past happenings.
Semantic memory: This is a subtype of long-term memory. It deals with the storage of concepts, general knowledge, and facts that are not tied to a particular personal encounter or emotional tie.
Procedural memory: This is a long-term memory type focusing on information regarding how to do certain things such as riding a bicycle, driving a car, and tying shoelaces.
Declarative memory: This is a type of long-term memory that deals with the explicit storage of facts and numerical values as well as figures.
Explicit memory: Memory that one is deliberate of acquiring and recalling.
Implicit memory: Unconscious retention of memory. For instance, the body remembers how to ride a bike even after years of not riding, and one may not recall how to do it.
Autobiographical memory: A subtype of episodic memory that deals with personal life events, such as one's dates of birth, celebration histories, among others.
Proactive interference: It occurs when previously learned information affects one's ability to restore new information.
Retroactive interference: It is a form of interference that occurs when new information learned negatively affects the ability to recall previously learned information.
Cue-dependent forgetting: The inability to recall information, where the retrieval cue is missing or absent.
Recognition memory: This is the ability to identify or recognize something that has been previously encountered.
Reconstructive memory: Recalling past events in ways that are consistent with one's beliefs or expectations rather than the accurate representations of the event.
Metacognition: The ability to monitor and regulate one's cognitive processes, e.g., allowing students to plan, monitor, and evaluate their learning goals.
Mnemonics: The study of techniques or strategies that aid memory, such as repetition, chunking, or associating information with familiar items.
Perception and attention: The role of perceptual processes in the storage and retrieval of information, such as top-down and bottom-up processing, processing speed, divided attention, focused attention, among others.
Heuristics and biases: The study of decision-making processes and how they can be influenced by heuristics and cognitive biases.
"Cognitive psychology originated in the 1960s..."
"...in a break from behaviourism, which held from the 1920s to 1950s that unobservable mental processes were outside the realm of empirical science."
"...researchers in linguistics and cybernetics, as well as applied psychology, used models of mental processing to explain human behavior."
"Work derived from cognitive psychology was integrated into other branches of psychology and various other modern disciplines like cognitive science, linguistics, and economics."
"The domain of cognitive psychology overlaps with that of cognitive science..."
"Cognitive science takes a more interdisciplinary approach and includes studies of non-human subjects and artificial intelligence."
"...attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and reasoning."
"...behaviourism...held...that unobservable mental processes were outside the realm of empirical science."
"...to explain human behavior."
"Cognitive psychology originated in the 1960s..."
"...other branches of psychology and various other modern disciplines like cognitive science, linguistics, and economics."
"...that unobservable mental processes were outside the realm of empirical science."
"...researchers in linguistics and cybernetics, as well as applied psychology..."
"...attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and reasoning."
"...includes studies of non-human subjects and artificial intelligence."
"Cognitive psychology is the scientific study..."
"...unobservable mental processes were outside the realm of empirical science."
"...other branches of psychology and various other modern disciplines like cognitive science, linguistics, and economics."
"...studies of non-human subjects and artificial intelligence."