"A parenting style is a pattern of behaviors, attitudes, and approaches that a parent uses when interacting with and raising their child."
Classification of ways that parents interact with their children and the effect it has on their development. Includes authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and uninvolved styles.
Parenting styles and their effects on child development: A study of how different parenting styles can impact a child's emotional, social and cognitive development.
Authoritative parenting: A parenting style characterized by high levels of warmth and support, coupled with clear expectations and boundaries.
Authoritarian parenting: A parenting style characterized by high levels of control and discipline, often with little warmth or emotional support.
Permissive parenting: A parenting style characterized by limited control or discipline, accompanied by high levels of warmth and emotional support.
Uninvolved parenting: A parenting style characterized by low levels of both control and emotional support.
Attachment parenting: A parenting philosophy based on the theory that an emotional bond between parent and child is necessary for optimal development.
Positive parenting: A parenting approach that emphasizes positive reinforcement, empathy and clear communication.
Conscious parenting: A parenting approach that focuses on mindfulness, self-reflection and conscious decision-making.
Cultural differences in parenting styles: A study of how parenting practices vary across cultures.
Parenting through different developmental stages: A discussion of how parenting practices need to change as children grow and develop.
Parenting children with special needs: A study of the unique challenges faced by parents of children with disabilities, medical conditions or behavioral issues.
Parenting after divorce or separation: A discussion of how to co-parent effectively after the end of a relationship.
Parenting in blended families: A study of the unique challenges faced by parents in blended families and how to create a cohesive family unit.
The impact of parental mental health on child development: A discussion of how parental mental health can impact a child's emotional and social development.
Parenting in the age of technology: A discussion of how technology is changing parenting practices and the potential impact on child development.
Parenting in difficult economic circumstances: A discussion of the challenges faced by parents in poverty and the impact on child development.
Mindful parenting: A parenting approach that emphasizes being present and attentive to your child's needs and emotions.
Gender differences in parenting styles: A study of how parenting practices vary based on the gender of the parent.
Parenting as a team: A discussion of how to co-parent effectively as a team, including communication strategies and shared decision-making.
Parenting and discipline: A study of effective discipline strategies, including positive reinforcement, consequences and logical consequences.
Authoritarian Parenting: This style of parenting is characterized by strict rules and high demands. Children are expected to obey without question, and punishments for disobedience can be severe.
Permissive Parenting: Permissive parents are more lax and indulgent in their approach. They tend to avoid setting strict rules and instead focus on nurturing their child’s independence and self-expression.
Uninvolved Parenting: In this style, parents are largely absent from their child’s lives, both physically and emotionally. As a result, children are often left to fend for themselves and may lack emotional support and guidance.
Authoritative Parenting: This style of parenting is characterized by a balance between high demands and emotional responsiveness. Parents set clear rules and boundaries, but also offer emotional support, nurturing, and open communication.
Positive Parenting: Positive parenting is focused on fostering a positive, respectful relationship between parent and child. It emphasizes communication, collaboration, and problem-solving skills.
Attachment Parenting: This style emphasizes close physical and emotional bonds between parent and child. It often involves practices like extended breastfeeding, babywearing, and co-sleeping.
Free-Range Parenting: Based on the belief that children should be given freedom to explore and take risks on their own, free-range parents focus on nurturing independence and self-sufficiency.
Tiger Parenting: This style is characterized by high expectations and intense pressure for academic and extracurricular success. Children may face strict rules, rigorous schedules, and parental scrutiny.
Helicopter Parenting: This style is characterized by over-involvement and over-protectiveness. Helicopter parents tend to hover and micromanage their child’s life, from academics to social activities.
Gentle Parenting: Similar to positive parenting, this approach emphasizes empathy, respect, and non-punitive methods of discipline. It emphasizes building a strong parent-child relationship through mutual trust and understanding.
"Parenting styles are distinct from specific parenting practices since they represent broader patterns of practices and attitudes that create an emotional climate for the child."
"A child's temperament and parents' cultural patterns have an influence on the kind of parenting style a child may receive. How parents were raised also influences the parenting styles they choose to use."
"Children go through different stages in life, and parents create their own parenting styles from a combination of factors that evolve over time as children begin to develop their own personalities."
"During the stage of infancy, parents try to adjust to a new lifestyle in terms of adapting and bonding with their new infant."
"In the stage of adolescence, parents encounter new challenges, such as adolescents seeking and desiring freedom."
"In the 1960s, Diana Baumrind created a typology of three parenting styles, which she labeled as authoritative, authoritarian and permissive (or indulgent)."
"She characterized the authoritative style as an ideal balance of control and autonomy."
"Baumrind's typology has been criticized as containing overly broad categorizations and an imprecise and overly idealized description of authoritative parenting."
"Some early researchers found that children raised in a democratic home environment were more likely to be aggressive and exhibit leadership skills while those raised in a controlled environment were more likely to be quiet and non-resistant."
"They have also argued that additional developmental skills result from positive parenting styles, including maintaining a close relationship with others, being self-reliant, and being independent."
"The study of parenting styles is based on the idea that parents differ in their patterns of parenting and that these patterns can have a significant impact on their children's development and well-being."
"Developmental psychologists distinguish between the relationship between the child and parent, which ideally is one of attachment, and the relationship between the parent and child, referred to as bonding."
"Parents create their own parenting styles from a combination of factors that evolve over time as children begin to develop their own personalities."
"Early researchers studied parenting along a range of dimensions, including levels of responsiveness, democracy, emotional involvement, control, acceptance, dominance, and restrictiveness."
"Later researchers on parenting styles returned to focus on parenting dimensions and emphasized the situational nature of parenting decisions."
"...often with the addition of a fourth category of indifferent or neglectful parents."
"Contemporary researchers have emphasized that love and nurturing children with care and affection encourages positive physical and mental progress in children."
"Positive parenting styles...encourage additional developmental skills, including maintaining a close relationship with others."
"The authoritative style as an ideal balance of control and autonomy."