"Behaviorism is a systematic approach to understanding the behavior of humans and other animals."
Study of behavior and how it is shaped by a child's environment and experiences.
"It assumes that behavior is either a reflex evoked by certain antecedent stimuli in the environment or a consequence of an individual's history and current motivational state."
"It considers reinforcement and punishment contingencies, an individual's history, current motivational state, and controlling stimuli."
"Behaviorists focus primarily on environmental events, although they also acknowledge the role of heredity in determining behavior."
"Behaviorism emerged in the early 1900s as a reaction to depth psychology and other traditional forms of psychology, which had difficulty making testable predictions."
"Methodological behaviorism rejects introspective methods and seeks to understand behavior by measuring only observable behaviors and events."
"Edward Thorndike pioneered the law of effect, which involves using consequences to strengthen or weaken behavior."
"It was not until the 1930s that B.F. Skinner suggested that covert behavior, including cognition and emotions, is subject to the same controlling variables as observable behavior."
"Radical behaviorism is a philosophy based on the idea that all behaviors, including cognition and emotions, are subject to reinforcement histories."
"Skinner assessed the reinforcement histories of discriminative stimuli that emit behavior, which became known as operant conditioning."
"Applied behavior analysis is the application of radical behaviorism and is used in various contexts, such as applied animal behavior and organizational behavior management."
"It is used in a variety of contexts, including applied animal behavior and organizational behavior management, as well as in the treatment of mental disorders like autism and substance abuse."
"While they do not agree theoretically, behaviorism and cognitive schools have complemented each other in cognitive-behavior therapies, which have shown utility in treating certain pathologies."
"Cognitive-behavior therapies have demonstrated utility in treating simple phobias, PTSD, and mood disorders."
"Watson and Pavlov investigated how neutral stimuli elicit reflexes in respondent conditioning."
"Skinner developed the technique of assessing reinforcement histories of discriminative stimuli that emit behavior, known as operant conditioning."
"Behaviorism factors in an individual's history, current motivational state, reinforcement and punishment contingencies, and controlling stimuli."
"Behaviorism emerged as a reaction to traditional forms of psychology that had difficulty making testable predictions."
"The basis of radical behaviorism is the idea that all behaviors, including cognition and emotions, are subject to the same controlling variables."
"With a 1924 publication, John B. Watson devised methodological behaviorism."