"The cerebral cortex, also known as the cerebral mantle, is the outer layer of neural tissue of the cerebrum of the brain in humans and other mammals."
Parts of the brain responsible for various functions including the cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, and basal ganglia.
Neurons: The basic unit of the nervous system, responsible for transmitting information throughout the brain.
Neurotransmitters: Chemical messengers in the brain that help to regulate mood, behavior, and other physiological processes.
Synapses: The space between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released and received.
Neuroplasticity: The brain's ability to change its structure and function in response to experience.
Gray matter: The darker tissue in the brain, composed primarily of neurons.
White matter: The lighter tissue in the brain, composed of axons that connect different areas of the brain.
Cerebral cortex: The outermost layer of the brain, responsible for higher cognitive functions such as thinking, planning, and decision-making.
Hippocampus: A brain structure involved in memory consolidation and spatial navigation.
Amygdala: A brain structure responsible for processing emotions, particularly fear and anxiety.
Basal ganglia: A collection of structures involved in movement control and the reward system.
Brainstem: A portion of the brain that includes the midbrain, pons, and medulla, responsible for regulating vital functions such as heart rate, breathing, and digestion.
Corpus callosum: A large bundle of nerve fibers that connects the two hemispheres of the brain and enables communication between them.
Limbic system: A group of interconnected structures involved in emotional processing, motivation, and memory.
Thalamus: A structure located deep in the brain that serves as a relay center for sensory information.
Frontal lobe: A region of the brain involved in executive functions such as planning, decision making, and impulse control.
Parietal lobe: A region of the brain involved in processing sensory information and spatial awareness.
Temporal lobe: A region of the brain involved in processing auditory information and memory.
Occipital lobe: A region of the brain involved in processing visual information.
Broca's area: A region of the brain located in the left frontal lobe that is responsible for speech production.
Wernicke's area: A region of the brain located in the left temporal lobe that is responsible for language comprehension.
Cerebrum: It is the largest part of the brain and is responsible for most of the conscious and voluntary actions in the body.
Cerebellum: It is located at the back of the brain and is responsible for coordinating muscle movements.
Brainstem: It is the central part of the brain and is responsible for a range of critical functions like regulating breathing, heart rate, and sleep.
Hippocampus: It is responsible for storing and retrieving memories.
Amygdala: It plays a critical role in emotional responses such as fear, anger, and pleasure.
Thalamus: It serves as a relay center for all sensory information entering the brain.
Basal ganglia: It is involved in control of voluntary movement, emotion and reward processing.
Hypothalamus: It regulates vital functions such as body temperature, hunger, thirst, and sleep.
Corpus Callosum: It connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain and allows for communication between them.
"The cerebral cortex is separated into two cortices, by the longitudinal fissure that divides the cerebrum into the left and right cerebral hemispheres."
"The two hemispheres are joined beneath the cortex by the corpus callosum."
"The cerebral cortex plays a key role in attention, perception, awareness, thought, memory, language, and consciousness."
"Apart from minimising brain and cranial volume, cortical folding is crucial for the brain circuitry and its functional organisation."
"A fold or ridge in the cortex is termed a gyrus (plural gyri)."
"A groove is termed a sulcus (plural sulci)."
"The major sulci and gyri mark the divisions of the cerebrum into the lobes of the brain."
"The four major lobes are the frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes."
"Other lobes are the limbic lobe, and the insular cortex often referred to as the insular lobe."
"There are between 14 and 16 billion neurons in the human cerebral cortex."
"These neurons are organized into horizontal cortical layers, and radially into cortical columns and minicolumns."
"Cortical areas have specific functions such as movement in the motor cortex, and sight in the visual cortex."
"Visual cortex is located in the occipital lobe."
"The cerebral cortex mostly consists of the six-layered neocortex, with just 10% consisting of allocortex."
"These surface convolutions appear during fetal development and continue to mature after birth through the process of gyrification."
"The majority of the cerebral cortex is not visible from the outside, but buried in the sulci."
"The cerebral cortex is the largest site of neural integration in the central nervous system."
"The cerebral cortex plays a key role in attention, perception, awareness, thought, memory, language, and consciousness."
"In mammals with small brains, there is no folding and the cortex is smooth."