Quote: "Socialism is a political philosophy and movement encompassing a wide range of economic and social systems which are characterised by social ownership of the means of production, as opposed to private ownership."
A political and economic system that advocates for collective or government ownership of the means of production and distribution of goods and services.
Economic Systems: Socialism is an economic system characterized by collective ownership and control of the means of production.
Historical Development: Socialism emerged in response to the injustices and inequalities of capitalism, and it has its roots in the works of figures like Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.
Marxist Theory: Marxism provides a comprehensive critique of capitalism and offers an alternative vision of economic and social organization.
Socialist Ideology: Socialist ideology is based on the principles of social justice, equality, and fairness. It emphasizes the importance of social welfare and the elimination of social and economic inequality.
Labor Movements: Labor movements have played a crucial role in the development of socialism, as workers have organized to fight for better working conditions, wages, and rights.
Social Democratic Parties: Social democratic parties have evolved out of socialist movements, often pursuing reformist policies aimed at addressing social and economic inequality within the existing framework of capitalism.
Democratic Socialism: Democratic socialism is a specific form of socialism that emphasizes democratic control of the means of production and distribution.
State Socialism: State socialism is a form of socialism in which the state plays a central role in controlling the economy and distributing resources.
Revolutionary Socialism: Revolutionary socialism seeks to overthrow capitalist systems and replace them with socialist ones through revolutionary means.
Internationalism: Internationalism is a central component of socialist thought, emphasizing solidarity among workers and the need to overcome national boundaries and divisions.
Criticisms of Socialism: Critics of socialism argue that it inhibits economic growth, personal freedom, and innovation while leading to inefficiency, bureaucracy, and corruption.
Varieties of Socialism: There are many different varieties of socialism, such as market socialism, libertarian socialism, and guild socialism, among others.
Democratic Socialism: Democratic Socialism supports a socialist reform within a democratic political system. It advocates social welfare programs and the nationalization of key industries to ensure a fair distribution of wealth.
Libertarian Socialism: Libertarian Socialism is a form of socialism that emphasizes individual freedom and autonomy as much as social ownership and control of the means of production.
Market Socialism: Market Socialism is a type of socialism that advocates the use of a free market economy in conjunction with social ownership and control of the means of production.
Marxist Socialism: Marxist Socialism is a type of socialism based on the ideas of Karl Marx. It advocates the establishment of a classless society through the overthrow of the ruling class.
Anarcho-Socialism: Anarcho-Socialism is a political philosophy that advocates the elimination of all forms of authority, including the state, and the establishment of a society based on voluntary cooperation and mutual aid.
Eco-Socialism: Eco-Socialism is a type of socialism that emphasizes the protection and preservation of the environment in addition to the traditional aims of socialism.
Feminist Socialism: Feminist Socialism is a type of socialism that focuses on the intersection of gender and economic inequality.
Quote: "Social ownership is the one common element, and is considered left-wing."
Quote: "Social ownership can be public, community, collective, cooperative, or employee."
Quote: "Different types of socialism vary based on the role of markets and planning in resource allocation, on the structure of management in organizations, and from below or from above approaches, with some socialists favouring a party, state, or technocratic-driven approach."
Quote (Non-market socialism): "Non-market socialism substitutes factor markets and often money with integrated economic planning and engineering or technical criteria based on calculation performed in-kind." Quote (Market socialism): "Market socialism retains the use of monetary prices, factor markets, and in some cases, the profit motive, with respect to the operation of socially owned enterprises and the allocation of capital goods between them."
Quote: "Anarchism and libertarian socialism oppose the use of the state as a means to establish socialism, favouring decentralisation above all, whether to establish non-market socialism or market socialism."
Quote: "Socialist parties and ideas remain a political force with varying degrees of power and influence on all continents, heading national governments in many countries around the world."
Quote: "Social democracy originated within the socialist movement, supporting economic and social interventions to promote social justice. While retaining socialism as a long-term goal, since the post-war period it came to embrace a mixed economy based on Keynesianism within a predominantly developed capitalist market economy and liberal democratic polity that expands state intervention to include income redistribution, regulation, and a welfare state."
Quote: "Economic democracy proposes a sort of market socialism, with more democratic control of companies, currencies, investments, and natural resources."
Quote: "The socialist political movement includes a set of political philosophies that originated in the revolutionary movements of the mid-to-late 18th century and out of concern for the social problems that socialists associated with capitalism."
Quote: "By the late 19th century, after the work of Karl Marx and his collaborator Friedrich Engels, socialism had come to signify anti-capitalism and advocacy for a post-capitalist system based on some form of social ownership of the means of production."
Quote: "By the early 1920s, communism and social democracy had become the two dominant political tendencies within the international socialist movement, with socialism itself becoming the most influential secular movement of the 20th century."
Quote: "While the emergence of the Soviet Union as the world's first nominally socialist state led to socialism's widespread association with the Soviet economic model, several scholars posit that in practice, the model functioned as a form of state capitalism."
Quote: "Several academics, political commentators, and scholars have noted that some Western countries, such as France, Sweden, and the United Kingdom, have been governed by socialist parties or have mixed economies sometimes referred to as 'democratic socialist'."
Quote: "Following the end of the Cold War and the revolutions of 1989, many of these countries have moved away from socialism as a neoliberal consensus replaced the social democratic consensus in the advanced capitalist world."
Quote: "Many former socialist politicians and political parties embraced 'Third Way' politics, remaining committed to equality and welfare while abandoning public ownership and class-based politics."
Quote: "Socialism experienced a resurgence in popularity in the 2010s, most prominently in the form of democratic socialism."
Quote: "Many socialists also adopted the causes of other social movements, such as feminism, environmentalism, and progressivism."
Quote: "A non-market socialist system seeks to eliminate the perceived inefficiencies, irrationalities, unpredictability, and crises that socialists traditionally associate with capital accumulation and the profit system in capitalism."
Quote: "Socialists disagree on whether government, particularly existing government, is the correct vehicle for change."