Quote: "Globalization, or globalisation (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences), is the process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide."
The increasing interdependence of economies, societies, and cultures across national borders.
Historical context: Understanding the historical background of globalization, including its evolution and key events that have contributed to its development over time.
Economic globalization: Understanding the role of economic globalization, including international trade, investment, and financial flows, as well as the impact of globalization on economic growth, inequality, and poverty.
Cultural globalization: Understanding the impact of globalization on culture, both in terms of the spread of cultural products and practices around the world and the impact of globalization on local cultures.
Political globalization: Understanding the impact of globalization on the political system, including the rise of global governance institutions, the erosion of national sovereignty, and the impact of globalization on democracy and human rights.
Migration and immigration: Understanding the role of migration and immigration in the globalization process, including the impact of international migration on economic development, cultural exchange, and social integration.
Environmental globalization: Understanding the impact of globalization on the environment, including the impact of economic globalization on natural resources, biodiversity, and climate change.
Technology and globalization: Understanding the role of technology in the globalization process, including the impact of technology on the global economy, society, and culture.
Globalization and social justice: Understanding the impact of globalization on social justice, including the impact of globalization on inequality, poverty, and social exclusion.
Globalization and governance: Understanding the role of governance in the globalization process, including the role of global governance institutions, national governments, and civil society organizations.
Globalization and security: Understanding the impact of globalization on security, including the impact of globalization on international conflict, terrorism, and cybercrime.
Globalization and development: Understanding the impact of globalization on development, including the impact of globalization on economic growth, poverty reduction, and human development.
Globalization and ethics: Understanding the ethical aspects of globalization, including the responsibilities of individuals, organizations, and governments in addressing the challenges and opportunities of globalization.
Economic Globalization: Refers to the integration of international trade, investment, and financial flows. This type of globalization has increased dramatically since the late 20th century, as countries liberalized trade and opened up their markets to foreign investment. This type of globalization has led to increased efficiency, growth, and prosperity for many countries, but it has also led to economic inequality and environmental degradation.
Political Globalization: Refers to the increasing power and influence of global institutions and the erosion of the power of nation-states. This type of globalization is driven by a range of factors, including the growth of international organizations such as the United Nations, the expansion of international law, the rise of global civil society, and the spread of human rights norms. This type of globalization has enabled greater global cooperation on a range of issues, but it has also led to concerns about the loss of national sovereignty and the democratic deficit of global governance.
Social Globalization: Refers to the increasing interconnectedness of people across borders, through migration, communication, and cultural exchange. This type of globalization reflects the growing spread of ideas, values, and norms across national boundaries. This type of globalization has enabled greater awareness and empathy across cultures, but it has also led to concerns about cultural homogenization and the erosion of traditional identities.
Cultural Globalization: Refers to the spread of culture and cultural products across national borders. This type of globalization is driven by a range of factors, including the growth of the media industry, the rise of international travel and tourism, and the spread of the internet. This type of globalization has led to greater cultural diversity and hybridity, but it has also led to concerns about cultural imperialism and the commodification of culture.
Quote: "The term globalization first appeared in the early 20th century... and came into popular use in the 1990s to describe the unprecedented international connectivity of the post-Cold War world."
Quote: "Advances in transportation, like the steam locomotive, steamship, jet engine, and container ships, and developments in telecommunication infrastructure such as the telegraph, the Internet, mobile phones, and smartphones, have been major factors in globalization."
Quote: "Globalization is primarily an economic process of interaction and integration that is associated with social and cultural aspects."
Quote: "This increase in global interactions has caused a growth in international trade and the exchange of ideas, beliefs, and culture."
Quote: "However, disputes and international diplomacy are also large parts of the history of globalization and of modern globalization."
Quote: "Large-scale globalization began in the 1820s, and in the late 19th century and early 20th century drove a rapid expansion in the connectivity of the world's economies and cultures."
Quote: "In 2000, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) identified four basic aspects of globalization: trade and transactions, capital and investment movements, migration and movement of people, and the dissemination of knowledge."
Quote: "Globalizing processes affect and are affected by business and work organization."
Quote: "Academic literature commonly divides globalization into three major areas: economic globalization, cultural globalization, and political globalization."
Quote: "Removal of cross-border trade barriers has made the formation of global markets more feasible."
Quote: "Though many scholars place the origins of globalization in modern times, others trace its history to long before the European Age of Discovery and voyages to the New World, and some even to the third millennium BCE."
Quote: "Advances in transportation and developments in telecommunication infrastructure have been major factors in globalization and have generated further interdependence of economic and cultural activities around the globe."
Quote: "The term global city was subsequently popularized by sociologist Saskia Sassen in her work The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo (1991)."
Quote: "Globalizing processes affect and are affected by... sociocultural resources."
Quote: "Economically, globalization involves goods, services, data, technology, and the economic resources of capital."
Quote: "Globalizing processes affect and are affected by... migration and movement of people."
Quote: "Its origins can be traced back to 18th and 19th centuries due to advances in transportation and communications technology."
Quote: "In 2000, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) identified four basic aspects of globalization..."
Quote: "The expansion of global markets liberalizes the economic activities of the exchange of goods and funds."