"In media studies, mass communication, media psychology, communication theory, and sociology, media influence and the media effect are topics relating to mass media and media culture's effects on individuals' or audiences' thoughts, attitudes, and behaviors."
Study of the impact of media on political processes and outcomes.
The Role of Media in Politics: This topic explores the influence of media on the political process, including the role of media in framing public opinion, shaping political discourse, and affecting policy outcomes.
The History of Media and Politics: This topic covers the evolution of media and its impact on politics since the early days of print journalism to modern-day digital media.
Political Communication: This topic focuses on how political communication occurs and the strategies used by politicians to communicate with the public and the media.
Public Opinion: This topic explores how public opinion is formed, how it shapes political behavior, and how it can be influenced by media and other factors.
News Production and Reporting: This topic explores the process of news production and reporting and how it can impact political outcomes.
Media Bias: This topic examines the tendency of media to present news in a way that favors certain political ideologies, candidates or policies.
Political Advertising: This topic covers the use of media in political campaigns, including the use of advertising, direct mail, and other marketing strategies.
The Role of Social Media: This topic explores the impact of social media on politics, including its ability to influence public opinion and mobilize voters.
Globalization and Media: This topic covers the globalization of media and its impact on politics, including the emergence of new media sources and the proliferation of news and information.
Propaganda: This topic explores the use of media to spread propaganda and and manipulate public opinion for political gain.
Media Ownership: This topic covers the consolidation of media ownership and its impact on political discourse and democracy.
The Politics of Journalism: This topic examines the relationship between journalists and politicians, including the role of media in holding politicians accountable.
Media and Political Participation: This topic explores the relationship between media consumption and political participation, including the impact of media on voter turnout and political engagement.
Media and Democracy: This topic examines the role of media in promoting democracy, including the ways in which media can expose corruption, promote transparency, and support free and fair elections.
Traditional Media: This category includes newspapers, radio, and television, all of which have been around for decades. They are often seen as the most reliable sources of news and are essential in spreading information to the masses.
Social Media: This type of media has become increasingly popular in recent years, and it includes platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. Social media has had a profound impact on political communication, allowing politicians to reach a wider audience and engage with voters more directly.
Alternative Media: This category includes sources of news and information that are not part of the mainstream media, such as independent publications, blogs, and podcasts. Alternative media often provides a voice for minority groups, and it can be more critical of the government and corporate interests than traditional media.
Propaganda: Propaganda is a type of media that is designed to manipulate people's opinions and beliefs. It is often used by governments and political parties to influence elections and public opinion.
Public Relations: This type of media is used by businesses and organizations to manage their reputation and communicate their message to the public. It is an essential tool for politicians and political parties, who must carefully craft their image to appeal to voters.
Advertising: Political advertising is used by political parties and candidates to get their message across to voters. It can take the form of television commercials, billboards, or sponsored content on social media.
Entertainment Media: This category includes movies, television shows, and other forms of entertainment that address political themes. These can be powerful tools for shaping public opinion and encouraging political engagement.
News Commentary: News commentary involves journalists and experts analyzing and interpreting events and issues. It can be a valuable source of analysis and insight for the public, but it can also be biased and partisan depending on the source.
"Through written, televised, or spoken channels, mass media reach large audiences."
"Whether a media message has an effect on any of its audience members is contingent on many factors, including audience demographics and psychological characteristics."
"These effects can be positive or negative, abrupt or gradual, short-term or long-lasting."
"Not all effects result in change; some media messages reinforce an existing belief."
"Researchers examine an audience after media exposure for changes in cognition, belief systems, and attitudes, as well as emotional, physiological and behavioral effects."
"The influences of mass media (or 'media effects') are observed in various aspects of human life, from voting behaviors to perceptions of violence, from evaluations of scientists to our understanding of others' opinions."
"The overall influence of mass media has changed drastically over the years, and will continue to do so as the media itself develops."
"In the new media environment, we have dual identities - consumers and creators. We not only obtain information through new media, but also disseminate information to wide audiences."
"Thus, it is important for physicians to discuss with parents their child's exposure to media and to provide guidance on age-appropriate use of any media, including television, radio, music, video games, and the Internet."
"Bryant and Zillmann defined media effects as 'the social, cultural, and psychological impact of communicating via the mass media'."
"Perse stated that media effects researchers study 'how to control, enhance, or mitigate the impact of the mass media on individuals and society'."
"Lang stated media effects researchers study 'what types of content, in what type of medium, affect which people, in what situations'."
"McLuhan points out in his media ecology theory that 'The medium is the message'."
"Media influence is the actual force exerted by a media message, resulting in either a change or reinforcement in audience or individual beliefs."
"Through written, televised, or spoken channels, mass media reach large audiences."
"Whether a media message has an effect on any of its audience members is contingent on many factors, including audience demographics and psychological characteristics."
"These effects can be positive or negative, abrupt or gradual, short-term or long-lasting."
"Not all effects result in change; some media messages reinforce an existing belief."
"Researchers examine an audience after media exposure for changes in cognition, belief systems, and attitudes, as well as emotional, physiological and behavioral effects."