"Environmental economics is a sub-field of economics concerned with environmental issues."
This topic covers the economic dimensions of environmental and natural resource issues such as pollution, climate change, and biodiversity loss. It also discusses the role of market-based policies and regulations in addressing these issues.
Economic tools and concepts: Economic tools and concepts involve the application of economic theories and analysis to understand and address issues related to the allocation and management of resources and the impacts of policy decisions in political and environmental contexts.
Environmental policy: Environmental policy refers to the set of guidelines and measures implemented by governments and institutions to regulate human activities and address environmental challenges to achieve sustainability and protect natural resources.
Property rights: Property rights refer to the legal and social rights granted to individuals or groups to own, use, and dispose of natural resources and assets, serving as a foundation for economic development and environmental conservation.
Externalities: Externalities refer to the unintended costs or benefits imposed on third parties as a result of the production or consumption of goods or services, leading to market failure and the necessity of government intervention.
Benefit-cost analysis: Benefit-cost analysis is a method used in Political Science and Environmental and Natural Resource Economics to systematically evaluate and compare the potential benefits and costs of a policy or project.
Valuation methods: Valuation methods refer to the various techniques used to determine the economic worth or monetary value of environmental goods, services, and natural resources.
Resource economics: Resource economics is the study of how society allocates and manages its limited natural resources to meet the needs and desires of individuals and society as a whole.
Climate change: Climate change refers to long-term alterations in temperature patterns and weather conditions caused by human activities that release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, leading to global warming and potentially disruptive impacts on ecosystems and societies.
Renewable energy: Renewable energy refers to energy sources that are naturally replenished over a relatively short period of time, such as solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, and biomass energy, which provide potential alternatives to non-renewable and environmentally harmful forms of energy.
International environmental policy: International environmental policy refers to the collective actions, agreements, and regulations established by countries to address global environmental challenges and promote sustainable development.
Ecological economics: This approach assumes that environmental resources are finite and that society must balance economic growth with sustainability. Ecological economics emphasizes the natural limits of resources and the need to incorporate ecological considerations into economic analysis.
Environmental Valuation: It deals with developing economic methods to measure the monetary value of environmental resources, such as clean water, air, forests, and agricultural land. Environmental valuation often involves estimating the cost of environmental damage due to economic activity such as pollution.
Natural Resource Management: It concerns the efficient and sustainable use of natural resources, such as water, land, and energy. Natural resource management usually involves a combination of policies, regulations, and market-based mechanisms.
Sustainable Development: This approach integrates economic, social, and environmental considerations in decision-making processes. It aims to balance economic growth with social equity and environmental sustainability.
Climate Economics: It involves analyzing the economics of climate change, including the costs and benefits of mitigation, adaptation, and geoengineering strategies.
Ecosystem Services: It deals with the benefits provided by natural ecosystems, such as biodiversity, water purification, and carbon sequestration. The economic value of ecosystem services can be estimated using the methods of environmental valuation.
Environmental Policy: This approach examines the design and implementation of policies to address environmental issues, including pollution control, natural resource management, and climate change mitigation.
Resource Economics: It involves studying the economic incentives and behaviors of individuals, firms, and governments with respect to natural resources. Resource economics often focuses on the extraction, production, and consumption of renewable and non-renewable resources.
Environmental Justice: It focuses on equity, distributional impacts, and social justice in environmental decision-making. Environmental justice considers the disproportionate impact of environmental problems on disadvantaged or marginalized communities.
Corporate Sustainability: It examines the role of businesses in promoting sustainable development. Corporate sustainability involves integrating environmental and social considerations into business strategies and operations.
"It has become a widely studied subject due to growing environmental concerns in the twenty-first century."
"Theoretical or empirical studies of the economic effects of national or local environmental policies around the world."
"Particular issues include the costs and benefits of alternative environmental policies to deal with air pollution, water quality, toxic substances, solid waste, and global warming."
"Environmental economics is distinguished from ecological economics in that ecological economics emphasizes the economy as a subsystem of the ecosystem with its focus upon preserving natural capital."
"Ecological economists emphasizing 'strong' sustainability and rejecting the proposition that human-made ('physical') capital can substitute for natural capital."
"One survey of German economists found that ecological and environmental economics are different schools of economic thought."
"Ecological economics emphasizes the economy as a subsystem of the ecosystem."
"The focus [of ecological economics] is upon preserving natural capital."
"Ecological economists reject the proposition that human-made ('physical') capital can substitute for natural capital."
"...to deal with air pollution, water quality, toxic substances, solid waste, and global warming."
"Environmental policies have economic effects in national or local contexts around the world."
"Growing environmental concerns in the twenty-first century."
"Particular issues include the costs and benefits of alternative environmental policies."
"Dealing with air pollution, water quality, toxic substances, solid waste, and global warming."
"Ecological economics emphasizes the economy as a subsystem of the ecosystem."
"Preserving natural capital."
"Ecological and environmental economics are different schools of economic thought."
"Rejecting the proposition that human-made ('physical') capital can substitute for natural capital."
"Concerns regarding environmental issues."