"In media studies, mass communication, media psychology, communication theory, and sociology, media influence and the media effect are topics relating to mass media and media culture's effects on individuals' or audiences' thoughts, attitudes, and behaviors."
The role of mass media in shaping political narratives, public opinion and political agendas, including the impact of digital media.
Theoretical Frameworks: This includes the study of theories and models of communication and politics, such as agenda setting, framing, cultivation theory, and the spiral of silence.
Mass Media Institutions: This involves the study of various channels of mass communication, such as newspapers, television, radio, and the Internet, and their role in shaping public opinion and political discourse.
Media Ownership and Control: This examines the concentration and diversity of media ownership, and their influence on media content and editorial decisions.
Media Effects: This looks at how media messages influence attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of individuals and society as a whole.
News Production and Journalism: This involves the study of the news gathering and reporting process, including ethical considerations, news values, and newsroom culture.
Political Advertising and Public Relations: This includes the study of political messaging in campaigns and the role of public relations in shaping political discourse.
Media and Democracy: This examines the relationship between media and democratic institutions, including the role of media in facilitating or hindering democratic participation and accountability.
Media Bias and Objectivity: This involves the study of media bias, the different forms it can take, and the importance of media objectivity in reporting.
Global Media and Politics: This looks at the role of media in international politics, including the influence of media on international conflict and diplomacy.
New and Emerging Media: This includes the study of how digital media and social networking platforms are transforming political communication and changing the nature of political participation.
News media: Media that report on events and news related to politics, such as newspapers, television, radio, and online news sources.
Social media: Online platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram where individuals can share their opinions on politics and news.
Political advertising: The use of advertisements to promote a political candidate or party, often in the form of television or online ads.
Political campaigns: The strategic efforts of a political candidate or party to gain support and win elections.
Political debates: Formal discussions or arguments between political candidates, typically held during election cycles.
Political talk shows: Television or radio programs that focus on political issues and analysis of current events.
Political documentaries: Films or television programs that explore political issues and events, often with a more comprehensive approach than news media.
Political satire: The use of humor and irony to comment on political issues or events, such as late-night talk shows, comedy programs, and editorial cartoons.
Political commentary and opinion pieces: Articles or broadcasts that offer personal opinions about political events and issues.
Political journalism: The reporting of political news and events, often with a focus on investigative reporting and breaking news stories.
Press conferences: Formal meetings between government officials and journalists, often used to release news or discuss matters related to politics and policymaking.
Op-ed pieces: An editorial written by individuals not employed by the newspaper with an opinion on a current issue, often from a subjective point of view.
Radio and television talk shows: Shows that feature discussion between the host and guests on politics or any other topics of interest.
Newspapers: Publications reporting on a variety of news and events, both local and worldwide.
Magazines: Publications that often feature in-depth reporting and analysis of political issues and events.
"Through written, televised, or spoken channels, mass media reach large audiences."
"Whether a media message has an effect on any of its audience members is contingent on many factors, including audience demographics and psychological characteristics."
"These effects can be positive or negative, abrupt or gradual, short-term or long-lasting."
"Not all effects result in change; some media messages reinforce an existing belief."
"Researchers examine an audience after media exposure for changes in cognition, belief systems, and attitudes, as well as emotional, physiological and behavioral effects."
"The influences of mass media (or 'media effects') are observed in various aspects of human life, from voting behaviors to perceptions of violence, from evaluations of scientists to our understanding of others' opinions."
"The overall influence of mass media has changed drastically over the years, and will continue to do so as the media itself develops."
"In the new media environment, we have dual identities - consumers and creators. We not only obtain information through new media, but also disseminate information to wide audiences."
"Thus, it is important for physicians to discuss with parents their child's exposure to media and to provide guidance on age-appropriate use of any media, including television, radio, music, video games, and the Internet."
"Bryant and Zillmann defined media effects as 'the social, cultural, and psychological impact of communicating via the mass media'."
"Perse stated that media effects researchers study 'how to control, enhance, or mitigate the impact of the mass media on individuals and society'."
"Lang stated media effects researchers study 'what types of content, in what type of medium, affect which people, in what situations'."
"McLuhan points out in his media ecology theory that 'The medium is the message'."
"Media influence is the actual force exerted by a media message, resulting in either a change or reinforcement in audience or individual beliefs."
"Through written, televised, or spoken channels, mass media reach large audiences."
"Whether a media message has an effect on any of its audience members is contingent on many factors, including audience demographics and psychological characteristics."
"These effects can be positive or negative, abrupt or gradual, short-term or long-lasting."
"Not all effects result in change; some media messages reinforce an existing belief."
"Researchers examine an audience after media exposure for changes in cognition, belief systems, and attitudes, as well as emotional, physiological and behavioral effects."