"International Relations (IR) are the interactions among sovereign states."
An analysis of the dynamics of power and diplomacy among nation-states, including the role of international organizations, globalization, and the challenges of negotiating conflicts and promoting cooperation in the global arena.
Theoretical approaches: This covers the different schools of thought in international relations such as realism, liberalism, constructivism, Marxism, and feminism.
International institutions: This covers the role and functions of international organizations such as the United Nations, World Trade Organization, International Monetary Fund, and World Bank.
International law: This covers the principles and rules that govern relations between states, including the law of treaties, human rights law, and international humanitarian law.
Globalization: This covers the process of economic, political, and cultural integration among nations, and its effects on world politics.
Diplomacy: This covers the art of negotiating and maintaining relations between nations, including the role of ambassadors, envoys, and other diplomats.
International security: This covers the study of threats to peace and security, including terrorism, nuclear proliferation, and the use of force in international relations.
International political economy: This covers the intersection of politics and economics, including trade, finance, and development.
International conflict: This covers the causes and dynamics of conflicts between states, including civil wars and inter-state war.
Foreign policy: This covers the policies and strategies adopted by nations in dealing with other nations, including their alliances and rivalries.
Global governance: This covers the attempt to regulate and influence global affairs through collective action, including through the United Nations and other international organizations.
Realism: It is a theoretical approach that assumes international relations are primarily driven by power politics.
Liberalism: Liberalism is an optimistic approach that envisages cooperation and mutual benefits between nations.
Constructivism: A theoretical approach that assumes that international relations are fundamentally shaped by the beliefs and ideas that people hold about themselves, the world, and their place within it.
Marxism: This theoretical approach is based on the premise that international relations are primarily an extension of the capitalistic struggle between classes, states, and empires.
Post-structuralism: Post-structuralist approach argues that the global system is inherently unstable and fragmented. The focus is on marginalized voices and alternative narratives.
Feminism: This theoretical approach suggests that gender is an important variable in understanding international relations. It analyzes the ways in which gender shapes power relations between states.
Globalization Theory: This approach examines how the interdependence of diverse societies has increased due to technological innovations and increasing trade.
Environmentalism: An approach that focuses on the relationship between the environment, resource scarcity, and potential for conflict.
Identity politics: This approach focuses on the impact of specific cultural, ethnic, or religious identities on international relations.
"It concerns all activities among states—such as war, diplomacy, trade, and foreign policy—as well as relations with and among other international actors."
"Other international actors, such as intergovernmental organizations (IGOs), international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs), international legal bodies, and multinational corporations (MNCs)."
"There are several schools of thought within IR, of which the most prominent are realism, liberalism, and constructivism."
"International relations is widely classified as a major subdiscipline of political science."
"It also often draws heavily from other fields, including anthropology, economics, geography, law, philosophy, sociology, and history."
"International relations did not become a discrete field until 1919."
"...first offered as an undergraduate major by Aberystwyth University in the United Kingdom."
"...in response to the geostrategic concerns of the Cold War."
"The collapse of the Soviet Union and subsequent rise of globalization in the late 20th century."
"The scientific study of those interactions is called international studies, international politics, or international affairs."
"The collapse of the Soviet Union and subsequent rise of globalization."
"Itergovernmental organizations (IGOs), international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs), international legal bodies, and multinational corporations (MNCs)."
"...such as war, diplomacy, trade, and foreign policy."
"...particularly in North America and Western Europe."
"International relations is widely classified as a major subdiscipline of political science."
"...geostrategic concerns of the Cold War."
"It also often draws heavily from other fields, including anthropology, economics, geography, law, philosophy, sociology, and history."
"The collapse of the Soviet Union and subsequent rise of globalization."
"...war, diplomacy, trade, and foreign policy."