"The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and serve as a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations."
International Organizations and Institutions refer to formal structures or bodies created by states to facilitate cooperation and manage conflicts at the international level, addressing issues such as global governance, diplomacy, and security.
International Relations Theory: Overview of the different approaches to understanding international relations and their relevance to international organizations and institutions.
International Law: Principles and norms that govern the behavior of states and international organizations in international relations.
International Organizations: History, types, functions, and challenges faced by international organizations, such as the UN, EU, NATO, etc.
International Security: Theories, concepts, and policies related to the security of states and international organizations, including terrorism, conflict, arms control, and peacekeeping.
Human Security: A concept that focuses on protecting individuals and communities from threats to their safety and well-being, such as poverty, hunger, disease, and environmental hazards.
Human Rights: Universal principles of human rights and their implementation in international law and politics, including the role of international organizations and institutions in protecting and promoting human rights.
International Political Economy: Study of the interaction between politics and economics in international relations, including trade, finance, development, and globalization.
Conflict Resolution: Theories and methods for resolving conflicts at local, national, and international levels, including mediation, negotiation, and peacekeeping.
International Environmental Politics: Theories, policies, and institutions related to global environmental problems such as climate change, pollution, and ecological degradation.
Gender and International Relations: The role of gender in international relations, including the impact of gender on conflict and security, development, and human rights.
United Nations (UN): The UN is a global intergovernmental organization that works on peacekeeping, conflict resolution, and human rights promotion.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO): NATO is a military alliance formed to protect the rights and security of its members.
World Trade Organization (WTO): WTO's main objective is to help trade flow smoothly between nations.
International Criminal Court (ICC): The ICC is an international tribunal that prosecutes individuals for war crimes, genocide, and other atrocities.
Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance (TIAR): TIAR is a defense pact among western hemisphere nations.
European Union (EU): The EU is an economic and political union of 27 European states, established to promote peace and cooperation.
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE): The OSCE seeks to promote stability, democracy, and human rights.
African Union (AU): The AU is a continental union that aims to promote economic integration and political stability.
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN): ASEAN is a regional organization that seeks to promote economic cooperation and political stability in Southeast Asia.
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA): The IAEA seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons.
International Monetary Fund (IMF): IMF deals with international monetary cooperation and exchange rate issues.
World Bank: The World Bank provides loans and grants for development projects, poverty reduction efforts, and infrastructure.
Organization of American States (OAS): The OAS seeks to promote democracy, human rights, and economic development in the Americas.
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC): The ICRC provides humanitarian aid and protection to victims of armed conflict and violence.
International Organization for Migration (IOM): The IOM aims to manage and promote safe migration and address the needs of migrants and refugees.
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP): UNDP aims to promote sustainable development, poverty reduction, and democratic governance.
International Labour Organization (ILO): The ILO promotes social justice through labor rights, standards, and employment opportunities.
"The UN is headquartered in New York City (in the United States, but with certain extraterritorial privileges)."
"Almost all of the world's sovereign states. As of 2023, it has 193 member states."
"The UN was established after World War II with the aim of preventing future world wars. It succeeded the League of Nations, which was characterized as ineffective. On 25 April 1945, 50 nations met in San Francisco, California for a conference and started drafting the UN Charter, which was adopted on 25 June 1945."
"The organization's objectives, as defined by its charter, include maintaining international peace and security, protecting human rights, delivering humanitarian aid, promoting sustainable development, and upholding international law."
"The organization's mission to preserve world peace was complicated in its early decades due in part to Cold War tensions that existed between the United States and Soviet Union and their respective allies."
"By the 1970s, the UN's budget for economic and social development programmes vastly exceeded its spending on peacekeeping."
"After the end of the Cold War in 1991, the UN shifted and expanded its field operations, undertaking a wide variety of complex tasks."
"The UN has six principal operational organizations: the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the International Court of Justice, the UN Secretariat, and the Trusteeship Council."
"The UN System includes a multitude of specialized agencies, funds, and programs, including the World Bank Group, the World Health Organization, the World Food Programme, UNESCO, and UNICEF."
"The UN's chief administrative officer is the secretary-general, currently Portuguese politician and diplomat António Guterres."
"António Guterres began his first five-year term on 1 January 2017."
"The organization is financed by assessed and voluntary contributions from its member states."
"Some commentators believe the organization to be an important force for peace and human development, while others have called it ineffective, biased, and corrupt."
"The UN, its officers, and its agencies have won many Nobel Peace Prizes."
"The organization has other offices in Geneva, Nairobi, Vienna, and The Hague."
"The International Court of Justice is headquartered in The Hague."
"Its mission has included the provision of primarily unarmed military observers and lightly armed troops charged with primarily monitoring, reporting and confidence-building roles."
"UN membership grew significantly following widespread decolonization in the 1960s. Since then, 80 former colonies have gained independence."
"The Trusteeship Council has been inactive since 1994."