Quote: "Libertarianism is a political philosophy that upholds liberty as a core value."
Advocating for individual liberties, minimal state involvement, and free-market capitalism.
The Philosophy of Libertarianism: The core principles and values of libertarianism.
The Role of Government: The limited role of government in libertarianism, including specific areas that should be the responsibility of the government.
The Non-Aggression Principle: The guiding ethical principle of libertarianism, which asserts that individuals should be free to act as they wish as long as they do not harm others.
Property Rights: The importance of property rights in libertarianism, including the concept of homesteading and the right to individual ownership.
Free Market Economics: The role of the free market in libertarianism, including the importance of voluntary exchange and the benefits of a deregulated economy.
Civil Liberties: The protection of individual rights and freedoms, including freedom of speech, religion, and association.
Criminal Justice: The principles of criminal justice in a libertarian society, including the role of private justice and the concept of restitution rather than punishment.
Foreign Policy: The foreign policy principles of libertarianism, including non-intervention and the importance of free trade.
Social Issues: The libertarian position on social issues such as same-sex marriage, drug legalization, and abortion.
Constitutionalism: The importance of the Constitution and limited government, including the concept of federalism and separation of powers.
Political Activism: The methods and strategies of political action in support of libertarian principles, including electoral politics and grassroots advocacy.
Critiques of Libertarianism: Common criticisms of libertarianism, including its perceived lack of social responsibility and criticisms of free-market economics.
Libertarian Historical Figures: The contributions of important historical figures to the development of libertarian thought, including Ayn Rand, Murray Rothbard, and Ron Paul.
Classical Libertarianism: It advocates for individual freedoms, limited government interference in the economy, and the rule of law. This type of libertarianism is based on the principles of classical liberalism and stresses individual rights and property ownership.
Objectivism: This political philosophy emphasizes rationalism, self-interest, and individualism. It emphasizes that individual rights should not be sacrificed for the greater good.
Minarchism: This is a limited government libertarian philosophy that supports a small government limited only to the essential functions like defense, law, and order.
Anarcho-capitalism: It supports private ownership of all property and free markets. It advocates for the abolition of the state, as it is viewed as an unnecessary and tyrannical institution.
Paleolibertarianism: This type of libertarianism is concerned with preserving traditional values, culture, and social institutions. It has roots in conservatism and opposes social liberalism and progressive ideologies.
Left-Libertarianism: It maintains that the exercise of individual liberty should not infringe upon the liberty of others, and advocates for the redistribution of wealth to address economic inequalities.
Geo-Libertarianism: This political philosophy advocates for the removal of taxes on labor and capital while taxing the value of land. It believes that since the value of land is created by society, the profit should be shared by the community.
Agorism: This is a political philosophy that believes in creating a parallel society that operates fiercely outside the purview and control of the government.
Bleeding Heart Libertarianism: It combines liberal values like individualism and opposition to coercion with a concern for social justice and the plight of the marginalized, the underprivileged, and the vulnerable.
Mutualism: It emphasizes free markets, self-management, and cooperatives. They believe that the labor theory of value should govern economic exchange, and value is created not by capital, but by labor.
Quote: "Libertarians seek to maximize autonomy and political freedom, and minimize the state's encroachment on and violations of individual liberties."
Quote: "Emphasizing the rule of law, pluralism, cosmopolitanism, cooperation, civil and political rights, bodily autonomy, freedom of association, free trade, freedom of expression, freedom of choice, freedom of movement, individualism, and voluntary association."
Quote: "Libertarians are often skeptical of or opposed to authority, state power, warfare, militarism, and nationalism."
Quote: "Some libertarians diverge on the scope of their opposition to existing economic and political systems."
Quote: "In the mid-19th century, libertarianism originated as a form of left-wing politics such as anti-authoritarian and anti-state socialists like anarchists, especially social anarchists, but more generally libertarian communists/Marxists and libertarian socialists."
Quote: "These libertarians sought to abolish capitalism and private ownership of the means of production, or else to restrict their purview or effects to usufruct property norms, in favor of common or cooperative ownership and management."
Quote: "Left-libertarians differ by supporting an egalitarian redistribution of natural resources."
Quote: "Left-libertarian ideologies include anarchist schools of thought, alongside many other anti-paternalist and New Left schools of thought centered around economic egalitarianism as well as geolibertarianism, green politics, market-oriented left-libertarianism, and the Steiner–Vallentyne school."
Quote: "After the fall of the Soviet Union, libertarian socialism grew in popularity and influence as part of anti-war, anti-capitalist, and anti- and alter-globalization movements."
Quote: "American right-libertarian proponents of anarcho-capitalism and minarchism co-opted the term libertarian to advocate laissez-faire capitalism and strong private property rights such as in land, infrastructure, and natural resources."
Quote: "This new form of libertarianism was a revival of classical liberalism in the United States, which occurred due to American liberals' embracing progressivism and economic interventionism in the early 20th century after the Great Depression and with the New Deal."
Quote: "Since the 1970s, right-libertarianism has spread beyond the United States, with right-libertarian parties being established in the United Kingdom, Israel, and South Africa."
Quote: "Minarchists advocate for night-watchman states which maintain only those functions of government necessary to safeguard natural rights, understood in terms of self-ownership or autonomy."
Quote: "Anarcho-capitalists advocate for the replacement of all state institutions with private institutions."
Quote: "Some right-wing variants of libertarianism, such as anarcho-capitalism, has been labeled as far-right or radical right by some scholars."
Quote: "The inclusion of right-wing libertarian ideals in the American militia movement, an extremist anti-government milieu, has contributed to the use of this label to classify right-libertarian politics." (Note: Questions 18-20 are subjective and require analysis beyond the provided paragraph)