Harmonic motion where an external force is applied to a system causing it to oscillate at the frequency of the applied force.
Simple harmonic motion: The motion of an object where the acceleration is proportional and opposite to the displacement from its equilibrium position.
Damped oscillations: When an oscillating system experiences energy loss due to external factors like friction or air resistance.
Forced oscillations: When an oscillating system is affected by an external or periodic force that is not in sync with the natural frequency of the system.
Resonance: When the frequency of the external force applied to an oscillating system matches the natural frequency of the system, resulting in a significant increase in amplitude.
Mechanical waves: Waves that propagate through a medium due to the transfer of energy from one particle to the next.
Longitudinal waves: Waves where the particles of the medium move parallel to the direction of propagation of the wave.
Transverse waves: Waves where the particles of the medium move perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the wave.
Standing waves: When two waves of equal amplitude and frequency travel in opposite directions and their interference results in a stable pattern of nodes and antinodes.
Wave interference: When two or more waves meet, resulting in constructive or destructive interference depending on their phase relationship.
Wave reflection and transmission: When a wave meets a boundary between two media, it can be reflected or transmitted depending on the properties of the media.
Wave polarization: The orientation of the electric and magnetic fields of a transverse wave in a particular direction.
Sound waves: Waves that propagate through a medium with a frequency that can be detected by the human ear.
Electromagnetic waves: Waves that propagate through vacuum or a medium with a changing electric and magnetic field perpendicular to each other.
Wave properties: Wavelength, frequency, amplitude, and velocity are important wave properties that can describe the nature and propagation of waves.
Simple harmonic motion: A periodic motion in which the restoring force is directly proportional to the displacement from equilibrium, and the motion is sinusoidal.
Damped harmonic motion: A type of motion where the amplitude decreases over time due to the presence of damping forces like friction or air resistance.
Forced harmonic motion: A motion that occurs when an external periodic force is applied to an oscillator, causing it to oscillate at a frequency different from its natural frequency.
Resonant motion: A motion in which an external force is applied at the same frequency as the natural frequency of the oscillator, resulting in a large amplitude oscillation.
Standing waves: A special case of resonance where waves are trapped within a certain region, resulting in a pattern of nodes and antinodes.
Transverse waves: A wave that oscillates perpendicular to the direction of propagation, such as the waves on a guitar string.
Longitudinal waves: A wave that oscillates parallel to the direction of propagation, such as sound waves.
Surface waves: Waves that occur at the boundary between two different mediums, such as water waves.
Electromagnetic waves: Waves that consist of vibrating electric and magnetic fields, such as light waves.
Quantum mechanical waves: Waves that describe particles in the subatomic realm, such as electron waves.