Quote: "Cosmology is a branch of physics and metaphysics dealing with the nature of the universe."
The study of the large-scale structure, origin, and evolution of the universe.
Classical Mechanics: This is a branch of physics that deals with the motion of macroscopic objects under the influence of forces.
Electromagnetism: This branch of physics deals with the study of electric and magnetic fields, and the interaction between charged particles.
Quantum Mechanics: This is a branch of physics that describes the behavior of matter and energy at the smallest scale.
General Relativity: This is a theory of gravitation that describes the curvature of spacetime due to the presence of mass and energy.
Special Relativity: This is a theory of spacetime and its transformation under different inertial reference frames, mainly applicable to high-speed phenomena.
Black Holes: These are regions of spacetime where the gravitational field is so strong that nothing can escape, including light.
Dark Matter: This is a hypothetical form of matter that is thought to account for a large portion of the total mass in the universe.
Dark Energy: This is a hypothetical form of energy that is thought to be responsible for the accelerating expansion of the universe.
Inflation: This is a period of exponential expansion of the universe that is believed to have occurred shortly after the Big Bang.
Big Bang Theory: This is a scientific model that describes the origin and evolution of the universe from its beginning to the present day.
Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation: This is a type of radiation that is thought to be leftover from the Big Bang and is observed uniformly in all directions in space.
Gravitational Waves: These are ripples in spacetime that are produced by violent events such as collisions of black holes or neutron stars.
Neutrinos: These are subatomic particles that are extremely lightweight and weakly interacting with other matter, and are thought to play a crucial role in the evolution of the universe.
Vacuum Energy: This is a form of energy that is associated with the vacuum of space and is thought to contribute to the total energy density of the universe.
Cosmic Inflation: This is the rapid expansion of space that occurred during the early universe and is believed to have been responsible for the uniformity of the universe on large scales.
General Relativity: Is a theory of gravitation that was developed by Albert Einstein between 1907 and 1915 which describes the gravitational force as a curvature of spacetime caused by the mass, energy, and momentum of matter. It explains how gravity works on the macroscopic level, which includes planets, galaxies, and the universe as a whole.
Special Relativity: Is a theory developed by Albert Einstein in 1905 that explains how space and time are combined into a four-dimensional space-time, that is finite and consistent with the laws of physics. Moreover, it explains the motion of particles with constant velocity relative to each other, regardless of their position or orientation, and that there is a maximum speed limit of the universe, the speed of light.
Newtonian Cosmology: It was first put forward by Sir Isaac Newton in his book Principia Mathematica (1687) and describes the universe's behavior based on the laws of classical physics. In this model, space and time are fixed and absolute, and the universe is infinite and static (not expanding or contracting).
Steady-State Cosmology: Proposed by Hoyle, Bondi, and Gold in 1948, this model assumes that the universe is expanding, but it is also eternal and unchanging. It suggests the continuous creation of new matter to offset the expansion-generating based on an unknown process.
Inflationary Cosmology: This concept is based on the theory that the universe underwent exponential expansion in its early stages within the first 10^-34 seconds after the Big Bang. The theory was originally proposed by Alan Guth in 1981 and has been developed as a vital component in modern cosmology.
Big Bang Cosmology: The most accepted model of the universe, it proposes that the universe started from an incredibly hot and dense state, the Big Bang, around 13.8 billion years ago. It supports the idea of the universe's expansion, which has been observed accurately for decades, and it incorporates General and Special Relativity.
Therefore, many models and theories have contributed to the present state of understanding of Cosmology: Note, however, that there are many other models, theories and concepts proposed by cosmologists, which work to incorporate the latest observational evidence and better understand the universe.
Quote: "The term cosmology was first used in English in 1656 in Thomas Blount's Glossographia."
Quote: "In 1731 taken up in Latin by German philosopher Christian Wolff, in Cosmologia Generalis."
Quote: "Religious or mythological cosmology is a body of beliefs based on mythological, religious, and esoteric literature and traditions of creation myths and eschatology."
Quote: "In the science of astronomy, cosmology is concerned with the study of the chronology of the universe."
Quote: "It is investigated by scientists, including astronomers and physicists, as well as philosophers, such as metaphysicians, philosophers of physics, and philosophers of space and time."
Quote: "Theories in physical cosmology may include both scientific and non-scientific propositions and may depend upon assumptions that cannot be tested."
Quote: "Physical cosmology is a sub-branch of astronomy that is concerned with the universe as a whole."
Quote: "Modern physical cosmology is dominated by the Big Bang Theory."
Quote: "The Big Bang Theory attempts to bring together observational astronomy and particle physics."
Quote: "A standard parameterization of the Big Bang with dark matter and dark energy, known as the Lambda-CDM model."
Quote: "Cosmology is a 'historical science' because 'when we look out in space, we look back in time' due to the finite nature of the speed of light."
Quote: "Physical cosmology is the study of the observable universe's origin, its large-scale structures, and dynamics, and the ultimate fate of the universe."
Quote: "Scientists, including astronomers and physicists, as well as philosophers, such as metaphysicians, philosophers of physics, and philosophers of space and time."
Quote: "Physical cosmology relies on scientific observations and theories, while religious or mythological cosmology is based on beliefs from various literary and cultural traditions."
Quote: "Physical cosmology is concerned with the study of the observable universe's origin, its large-scale structures, and dynamics."
Quote: "Theories in physical cosmology may depend upon assumptions that cannot be tested."
Quote: "To understand the nature and history of the universe and its ultimate fate."
Quote: "Cosmologists, including philosophers of space and time, investigate the fundamental aspects of space, time, and their relationship in the context of the universe."
Quote: "Cosmology is considered a 'historical science' because 'when we look out in space, we look back in time' due to the finite nature of the speed of light."