"In crystallography, crystal structure is a description of the ordered arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in a crystalline material."
Study of the arrangement of atoms, ions or molecules in a crystalline material.
Unit cells and crystal lattice structures: A crystal lattice structure is a patterned arrangement of points in space that repeat at regular intervals to form a three-dimensional structure. The unit cell is the smallest repeating unit of a crystal lattice structure.
Miller indices: Miller indices provide a way to describe the orientation of crystal planes in a crystal lattice structure.
Bragg's law: Bragg's law describes the relationship between the angle of incidence of X-rays on a crystal and the spacing of the crystal lattice planes, leading to the development of X-ray diffraction techniques.
Reciprocal lattice: The reciprocal lattice is a mathematical construct that describes the crystal lattice structure in reciprocal space, which is important for understanding the properties of solids such as conductivity and optical properties.
Defects and imperfections in crystals: Defects and imperfections can occur in crystals due to impurities, lattice strain, or other factors. Understanding these defects is important for predicting the behavior of materials in various applications.
Bonding in solids: The bonding between atoms in a solid is important for understanding the properties of the material, such as its conductivity, thermal stability, and mechanical properties.
Crystallographic symmetry: Crystallographic symmetry refers to the symmetrical arrangement of atoms in a crystal lattice structure, which is important for studying the properties of the material.
Crystal growth and morphology: Understanding crystal growth and morphology is important for predicting the properties of materials in various applications, such as in electronics, photonics, and pharmaceuticals.
Packing density of crystals: The packing density of a crystal refers to how closely the atoms in the crystal are packed together, and is important for predicting the properties of materials in various applications.
Crystallographic databases and software: There are various databases and software programs that can be used to analyze crystal structures and predict the properties of materials. Understanding these resources is important for conducting research in solid-state physics.
Cubic: This structure has atoms of the same kind arranged at the corners of a cube. It has three different types: simple cubic, body-centered cubic, and face-centered cubic.
Hexagonal: This structure has atoms arranged in a hexagonal pattern, and has two atoms in each unit cell.
Tetragonal: This structure is similar to the cubic structure but is elongated along one of the axes. There are two types: simple tetragonal and body-centered tetragonal.
Orthorhombic: In this structure, the unit cell has three different dimensions, which are not equal. It has four different types: simple orthorhombic, body-centered orthorhombic, face-centered orthorhombic and base-centered orthorhombic.
Monoclinic: The unit cell of this structure is a parallelogram, which has three unequal sides and one angle equal to 90 degrees.
Triclinic: In this structure, the unit cell is not parallel to any of the crystallographic axes, which means it has no symmetry.
Rhombohedral: This structure has atoms arranged in a rhombohedral pattern, which are closely related to the cubic structure. It has three axes, all of which have the same length, and all three angles of the axes are equal.
Diamond: This structure has a face-centered cubic lattice, where each carbon atom is bonded to four other carbon atoms in a tetrahedral arrangement.
Rock salt: This structure has a simple cubic lattice, where the cations and anions occupy alternate positions in the lattice.
Zinc blende: This structure has a face-centered cubic lattice, with one type of atom at the corners and another type of atom at the center of each face.
Wurtzite: This structure has a hexagonal lattice, with two types of atoms, one at the corners and the other at the center of each hexagonal face.
Perovskite: This structure has a cubic lattice, with one type of atom at the corners, one type at the center of each face, and another type at the center of the cube.
"Ordered structures occur from the intrinsic nature of the constituent particles to form symmetric patterns that repeat along the principal directions of three-dimensional space in matter."
"The smallest group of particles in the material that constitutes this repeating pattern is the unit cell of the structure."
"The unit cell completely reflects the symmetry and structure of the entire crystal, which is built up by repetitive translation of the unit cell along its principal axes."
"The translation vectors define the nodes of the Bravais lattice."
"The lengths of the principal axes, or edges, of the unit cell and the angles between them are the lattice constants, also called lattice parameters or cell parameters."
"The symmetry properties of the crystal are described by the concept of space groups."
"All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space may be described by the 230 space groups."
"The crystal structure and symmetry play a critical role in determining many physical properties, such as cleavage, electronic band structure, and optical transparency."
"The ordered arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in a crystalline material is determined by the crystal structure."
"The symmetry properties of the crystal are described by the concept of space groups."
"The unit cell completely reflects the symmetry and structure of the entire crystal."
"The lengths of the principal axes, or edges, of the unit cell and the angles between them are the lattice constants."
"The translation vectors define the nodes of the Bravais lattice."
"The unit cell is built up by repetitive translation along its principal axes."
"The crystal structure and symmetry play a critical role in determining many physical properties."
"All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space may be described by the 230 space groups."
"The crystal structure and symmetry play a critical role in determining many physical properties, such as cleavage, electronic band structure, and optical transparency."
"The ordered arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules is the fundamental feature of crystal structures."
"Ordered structures occur from the intrinsic nature of the constituent particles to form symmetric patterns that repeat along the principal directions of three-dimensional space."